Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
|
• when citrulline supplement was withdrawn from one mouse it died within 15 days
• one female died 3 hours after delivery
• however, the one mouse maintained on a citrulline supplemented diet survived without disease for 25 months
|
|
• 16 of 18 mice die within 24 hours of birth
|
|
• fewer than expected mice are born
• while pup cannibalization is observed, fostering after birth does not improve lethality nor does supplementing dam diets with citrulline or arginine
|
reproductive system
 |
• one female had a single pregnancy after several unsuccessful matings that ended on day 18 with pups being cannabilized by the mother
|
embryo
|
• at E16.5, mice exhibit developmental delay of 2 to 3 days
|
|
• at E16.5
|
growth/size/body
|
• at E16.5, mice exhibit developmental delay of 2 to 3 days
|
|
• at E16.5
|
|
• at birth, mice are smaller and less vital than wild-type mice
|
weight loss
(
J:125847
)
|
• when citrulline was withdrawn the mouse lost 63% of its initial weight
|
|
• despite being supplemented with citrulline, the two surviving mice exhibited lasting growth retardation
|
|
• 240 mg in male and 220 mg in female compared to 102+/-5 mg in wild-type mice
|
behavior/neurological
|
• one female exhibited nonresponsiveness to external stimuli 3 hours after delivery
|
|
• when citrulline was withdrawn the one mouse developed tremors
• one female exhibited tremors 3 hours after delivery
|
|
|
• one female had a single pregnancy after several unsuccessful matings that ended on day 18 with pups being cannabilized by the mother
|
homeostasis/metabolism
|
• whether or not two mice were low protein fed a diet supplemented with citrulline, mice excrete excess arginine, ornithine and orotic acid
• one male on a citrulline-supplemented normal diet excreted excess lysine
• however, E16.5 amniotic fluid cationic amino acid levels are normal
|
|
• 1050 umol/L in male and 1530 umol/L in female compared to 135.5+/-40.8 umol/L in wild-type mice and 137.3+/-24.7 umol/L in heterozygous mice
|
hematopoietic system
|
• 240 mg in male and 220 mg in female compared to 102+/-5 mg in wild-type mice
|
muscle
|
• when citrulline was withdrawn the one mouse developed hypotonia
• one female exhibited severe hypotonia 3 hours after delivery
|
skeleton
|
• bone development is delayed
|
renal/urinary system
|
• whether or not two mice were low protein fed a diet supplemented with citrulline, mice excrete excess arginine, ornithine and orotic acid
• one male on a citrulline-supplemented normal diet excreted excess lysine
• however, E16.5 amniotic fluid cationic amino acid levels are normal
|
immune system
|
• 240 mg in male and 220 mg in female compared to 102+/-5 mg in wild-type mice
|
