Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes die shortly after birth
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cellular
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• at E16.5. there is more cell death observed in nulls in the SCG and stellate ganglion than in wild-type
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• by E16.5, more proliferating sympathetic neuron precursors are observed in the SCG and STG than in heterozygotes or wild-type
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nervous system
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• at E16.5. there is more cell death observed in nulls in the SCG and stellate ganglion than in wild-type
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• homozygotes lack enteric neurons
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• the cervical sympathetic ganglion-like ganglion in nulls are found in a position caudal to the normal SCG location; the position is variable among nulls
• in null embryos, SCG primordia are round-shaped and shorter than in wild-type; at E11.5 there is about a 30% decrease in sympathetic cell number
• in the caudal region of the embryo, sympathetic precursors form clumps and do not distribute properly
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• the SCG in nulls display severe but variable reductions in size
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• in the prevertebral division, sympathetic ganglia are aberrantly located, reduced in size and display decreased target innervation
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• in nulls, sympathetic neurons are variably reduced in size
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• there are severe deficits in axonal projections from the SCG; the internal carotid nerve displays aberrant branching and is attenuated on the course of its projection, such that sympathetic fibers in the rostral facial structures are almost entirely depleted
• sympathetic neuron precursors fail to extend long processes; this is apparent in E12.5 embryos in the SCG, STG and prevertebral ganglia
• at E15.5, nerve bundles that form the internal carotid nerve are thin and in some embryos project caudally, not rostrally
• the stellate ganglion displays severe innervation deficits such as attenuation of the vertebral nerve
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• the density of esophageal neurons in null mice is only 4% of wild-type neuronal density
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digestive/alimentary system
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• there is a reduction in density and distribution of symapathetic fibers in the submandibular gland, resulting in absence of sympathetic innervation in the peripheral lobes
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• there is a reduction in density and distribution of symapathetic fibers in the submandibular gland, resulting in absence of sympathetic innervation in the peripheral lobes
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renal/urinary system
absent kidney
(
J:71881
)
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• homozygotes lack kidneys
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