Analysis Tools|
Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Axd+ wild type MGI:2435731 |
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| Summary |
8 genotypes
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• the frequency of statistically expected heterozygous embryos having curly tails from this mating and the reciprocal mating declined when the dams were given supplemental methionine (180mg/kg) on day 8 and 9 of pregnancy
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• Background Sensitivity: the backcross progression from strain-of-origin to BALB/cByJ resulted in a 50% increase in occurrence of open neural tube and tail defects
• females receiving IP injections of 70mg/kg methionine on days 8 and 9 of pregnancy had 41% fewer embryos with neural tube defects
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• posterior neural tube closure defects are seen
• during normal development soft tissue can superficially heal some open neural tube lesions
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• a variety of curled tail morphologies are seen, some self-correct between E12 and birth
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• Background Sensitivity: the backcross progression from strain-of-origin to BALB/cByJ resulted in a 50% increase in occurrence of open neural tube and tail defects
• females receiving IP injections of 70mg/kg methionine on days 8 and 9 of pregnancy had 41% fewer embryos with neural tube defects
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• posterior neural tube closure defects are seen
• during normal development soft tissue can superficially heal some open neural tube lesions
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• severely afflicted pups die shortly after birth
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• Background Sensitivity: mutants on the ATBR3 background exhibit a variable penetrance of tail anomalies such as curly tail which are not observed on a CF-1 background; incidence of abnormalities increases with increased inbreeding
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• Background Sensitivity: 31% of F2 mutants on an ATBR3 background exhibit open neural tube defects that extend primarily from the lumbosacral region to the bases of the tail, unlike mutants on a CF-1 background that do not show neural tube defects
• incidence of open neural tube defects in F3 neonates is less than observed in F2 neonates
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• reduced reproductive performance with further inbreeding
• dams older than 8 months yield fewer mean implants, higher resorption rates and fewer viable embryos with axial defects than heterozygous dams younger than 8 months
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• curly-tailed dams have smaller litter sizes
• dams 8 months or older have fewer mutant offspring than younger females
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• Background Sensitivity: 31% of F2 mutants on an ATBR3 background exhibit open neural tube defects that extend primarily from the lumbosacral region to the bases of the tail, unlike mutants on a CF-1 background that do not show neural tube defects
• incidence of open neural tube defects in F3 neonates is less than observed in F2 neonates
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• most heterozygotes exhibit a delay in posterior neuropore (PNP) closure relative to wild-type littermates
• in most cases, PNP closure is complete by the 35 somite stage or soon after; in contrast, most wild-type embryos show closed PNPs by the 29-31 somite stage
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• at the 26-28, 29-31 and 32-34 somite stages, heterozygotes display a higher mean PNP length relative to wild-type littermates
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• most heterozygotes exhibit a delay in posterior neuropore (PNP) closure relative to wild-type littermates
• in most cases, PNP closure is complete by the 35 somite stage or soon after; in contrast, most wild-type embryos show closed PNPs by the 29-31 somite stage
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• at the 26-28, 29-31 and 32-34 somite stages, heterozygotes display a higher mean PNP length relative to wild-type littermates
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• Background Sensitivity: on the BALB/c background, delayed PNP closure manifests at later stages as a tail flexion defect or curly tail in ~40-50% of heterozygotes
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• 50% of mutants expected from matings of heterozygous mice to wild-type mice die around birth
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• Background Sensitivity: unlike mutants on a CF1 background that exhibit no tail defects, 22% of F1 mutants on a Balb/cByJ background exhibit tail anomalies, including curly tails
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• curly-tailed dams have smaller litter sizes
• dams 8 months or older have fewer mutant offspring than younger females
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• Background Sensitivity: 0.05%-1% of animals exhibit this phenotype on the BALB/cByJ background compared to 0% on a CF-1 background
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• Background Sensitivity: 0.05%-1% of animals exhibit this phenotype on the BALB/cByJ background compared to 0% on a CF-1 background
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• Background Sensitivity: heterozygotes on the CF-1 background do not exhibit curly tails or open neural tube defects as observed on several other backgrounds
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• 6 of 35 embryos show complete posterior neuropore closure by the 30-34 somite stage versus none of 17 stage-matched Axd heterozygous embryos, indicating amelioration of the delayed PNP closure phenotype
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• at the 30-31 and 32-34 somite stages, mice exhibit a significant reduction in the mean posterior neuropore length relative to Axd heterozygous embryos
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• 6 of 35 embryos show complete posterior neuropore closure by the 30-34 somite stage versus none of 17 stage-matched Axd heterozygous embryos, indicating amelioration of the delayed PNP closure phenotype
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• at the 30-31 and 32-34 somite stages, mice exhibit a significant reduction in the mean posterior neuropore length relative to Axd heterozygous embryos
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• the frequency of curled tails is increased 2.5-fold compared to in Grhl3ct heterozygotes
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 01/20/2026 MGI 6.24 |
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