Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Wt⁺
• Allele Name: wild type
• Allele ID: MGI:2432391
• Summary: 1 genotype

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
ht1	Wt/Wt^+	Not Specified	MGI:3716320

Genotype
MGI:3716320

ht1

• Allelic Composition: Wt/Wt⁺
• Genetic Background: Not Specified

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

behavior/neurological

abnormal emotion/affect behavior ( J:30696 )

• mildly-affected mutants may display nervousness

increased anxiety-related response ( J:304 )

• severely affected mice become hysterical during swim test, and will drown if not rescued

impaired swimming ( J:304 )

• less severely affected mice when dropped in water regain the surface and swim in fairly straight line, whereas severely affected mice will swim wildly in circles, often from top to bottom of tank, without emerging to surface, and must be rescued

head bobbing ( J:304 )

• head shaking in vertical direction is observed occasionally

retropulsion ( J:304 )

• mice have tendency to move backwards, often for distance of several feet, when exploring or attempting to escape at 3-4 weeks of age

circling ( J:304 , J:30696 )

• 13% of offspring from heterozygous carrier and wild-type crosses display waltzing behavior at 3-4 weeks (J:304)

• mutation shows incomplete penetrance and variable expression; strong expression leads to violent circling (J:30696)

bidirectional circling ( J:304 )

• observed usually starting at 3 weeks of age

abnormal maternal nurturing ( J:304 , J:30696 )

♀ • females fail to rear their offspring (J:304)

♀ • often, females do not tend their litters well (J:30696)

hearing/vestibular/ear

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype ( J:304 , J:30696 )

N • no abnormalities in morphology of cochlea have been noted, and animals can hear (J:304)

N • ear structures, outside of the canals, appear to be normal in mutants (J:304)

N • animals are not deaf (J:30696)

abnormal semicircular canal morphology ( J:304 )

• shortening or reduced diameter of one or more canals is observed in some embryos at 13-16 days of gestation

• abnormalities range from slight size reduction to canal absence distal to ampulla at 3-4 weeks

• severely affected mice where canals on both sides are affected exhibit active waltzing behavior and severely impaired swimming, although some mice not displaying circling behavior have severely abnormal canals; unilateral defects are not conducive to circling behavior

abnormal lateral semicircular canal morphology ( J:304 )

• lateral canal is affected in mice with abnormal labyrinths at 3-4 weeks; in more severely affected animals the canal can end abruptly

decreased lateral semicircular canal size ( J:304 )

• more severely affected canals are attenuated to a narrow lumenless strand

abnormal posterior semicircular canal morphology ( J:304 )

• lateral canal is affected in mice with abnormal labyrinths; often, canal is missing between crus commune and utricle

absent semicircular canals ( J:304 )

• in some embryos at 13-16 days of gestation, one canal or more is missing

abnormal vestibular labyrinth morphology ( J:304 )

• 48% of offspring from heterozygotes mated with wild-type mice exhibit abnormalities of the vestibular portion of the labyrinth at 3-4 weeks

• severely affected mice exhibit active waltzing behavior; severely impaired swimming is more common with severe labyrinth defects

reproductive system

reproductive system phenotype ( J:304 )

N • male and females are excellent breeders