mortality/aging
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• maternal inheritance of the mutant allele leads to embryonic death due to placental failure
• mice whom paternally inherit the mutant allele are viable
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embryo
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• chorion membrane is underdeveloped in embryos whom maternally inherit the mutant allele
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• spongiotrophoblast fails to develop in embryos whom maternally inherit the mutant allele
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cellular
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• the paternal allele is functionally inactivated
• mice whom maternally inherit the mutant allele are functionally null homozygotes and die during embryogenesis
• mice whom paternally inherit the mutant allele are viable
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Analysis Tools