skeleton
|
• thickened mandibular corpus
|
|
• fractured diaphyses of long bones often seen in older mice
|
|
• shortened femoral neck in 2 month old mice
|
|
• increased outer diameter of long bones
|
|
• dramatically reduced bone density in 3 month old males
|
|
• cortical bone is more porous
|
immune system
|
• defective pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition
|
|
• increased proliferative response to IL-7 (1.7-2 fold increase)
|
|
• increased number of peripheral B cells
|
|
• 53% more IgM (high) IgD (low) B cells
|
|
• variable ability to mount an antibody response
• antibody response is comparable to controls overall
|
|
• enhanced ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation
|
limbs/digits/tail
|
• shortened femoral neck in 2 month old mice
|
craniofacial
|
• thickened mandibular corpus
|
hematopoietic system
|
• defective pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition
|
|
• increased proliferative response to IL-7 (1.7-2 fold increase)
|
|
• increased number of peripheral B cells
|
|
• 53% more IgM (high) IgD (low) B cells
|
|
• variable ability to mount an antibody response
• antibody response is comparable to controls overall
|
growth/size/body
|
• thickened mandibular corpus
|


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