Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• 95% of mice die by 4 weeks of age due to bacterial infections when housed under standard conditions
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growth/size/body
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• mice are one-third to two-thirds smaller than controls at one week of age
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• spleens of mice are 1.5 to 3 times larger than controls at 2 weeks of age
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hematopoietic system
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• only a rudimentary thymus with few lymphocytes found in the cortex
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• thymus cellularity in most mice is about 1000-fold less than controls
• in 5% of mice, a larger thymus is present
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• 9% of splenocytes in young mice and 60% of splenocytes in older mice are myeloid precursors while control spleens only have about 5% myeloid precursors
• cell differentiation assays confirm 10-fold more macrophage and granulocytes can be derived from mutant spleen than control spleen
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• in 95% of mice, the few thymocytes present appear to be arrested in the double-positive stage
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• erythroid precursors make up 70% of splenocytes at two weeks of age and over 25% of splenocytes in older mice
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• bone marrow cellularity is reduced 10-fold compared to controls
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• ratio of erythroid precursors to myeloid precursors is twice that of controls in two week old bone marrow
• the ratio of erythroid precursors to myeloid precursors drops from 2:1 to 1:3 with age while in controls this ratio goes from 1:1 to 1:2
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• increased numbers of basophilic cells are observed in the blood
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• a large number and variety of polymorphonuclear cells are found in the blood
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• nucleated erythrocytes are found in the blood of both young and old mice
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• B cells are absent in these mice including pre-B cells in the bone marrow
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• are absent in the bone marrow
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• dendritic epithelial gamma-delta T cells are absent from the skin
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• NK cells are absent in the spleen
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• spleens of mice are 1.5 to 3 times larger than controls at 2 weeks of age
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• the well structured red and white pulp architecture of the spleen is disrupted in these mice
• spleen consists of myeloid and erythrocyte precursors instead of lymphocytes and mature erythrocytes
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immune system
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• in 95% of mice, the few thymocytes present appear to be arrested in the double-positive stage
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• increased numbers of basophilic cells are observed in the blood
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• a large number and variety of polymorphonuclear cells are found in the blood
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• B cells are absent in these mice including pre-B cells in the bone marrow
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• are absent in the bone marrow
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• dendritic epithelial gamma-delta T cells are absent from the skin
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• NK cells are absent in the spleen
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• only a rudimentary thymus with few lymphocytes found in the cortex
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• thymus cellularity in most mice is about 1000-fold less than controls
• in 5% of mice, a larger thymus is present
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• spleens of mice are 1.5 to 3 times larger than controls at 2 weeks of age
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• the well structured red and white pulp architecture of the spleen is disrupted in these mice
• spleen consists of myeloid and erythrocyte precursors instead of lymphocytes and mature erythrocytes
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• Peyer's patches are absent in these mice
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• pneumonia results from bacterial infections that occur under standard housing conditions
• pneumonia is associated with abscesses, large number of bacteria, and infiltration of myeloid cells
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• mouse housed under normal conditions die of bacterial infections
• Enterobacteria species are found in focal lesions of the liver, in abcesses in the lung, and systemically in the blood
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liver/biliary system
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• focal infarcts result from bacterial infections that occur under standard housing conditions
• infarcts appear as white nodules
• large number of macrophages and eosinophils are evident in areas of infection
• sometimes necrosis takes up half the liver
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respiratory system
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• pneumonia results from bacterial infections that occur under standard housing conditions
• pneumonia is associated with abscesses, large number of bacteria, and infiltration of myeloid cells
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digestive/alimentary system
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• the intestinal flora contains more numbers and more diverse groups of bacteria than in controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• only a rudimentary thymus with few lymphocytes found in the cortex
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• thymus cellularity in most mice is about 1000-fold less than controls
• in 5% of mice, a larger thymus is present
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cellular
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• focal infarcts result from bacterial infections that occur under standard housing conditions
• infarcts appear as white nodules
• large number of macrophages and eosinophils are evident in areas of infection
• sometimes necrosis takes up half the liver
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