skeleton
|
• the osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter are reduced
|
|
• the reduced rate of bone turnover during lactation preserves bone mass so that on day 12 of lactation mutants have nearly 20% more bone mass than controls
• however, bone mass is similar to controls at the start of lactation
|
|
• bone formation rate per tissue volume is reduced
• however, osteoblast numbers and surface appear normal
|
homeostasis/metabolism
|
• plasma levels of parathyroid hormone related protein are significantly lower in lactating mutants compared to controls; however plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium are normal
|
|
• plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D are significantly lower (43.5 +/- 2.2 pg/ml versus 55.9 +/- 5.9 pg/ml in controls)
|
|
• urinary excretion of cAMP is decreased to 19.3 +/- 0.8 ug/mmol creatinine compared to 33.9 +/- 0.6 ug/mmol creatinine in controls
• urinary levels of C-telopeptides of type I collagen are significantly lower (3.98 +/- 0.82 ug/mmol creatinine versus 6.83 +/- 0.29 ug/mmol creatinine in controls)
|
reproductive system
| N |
• no functional defects in lactation, abnormalities in mammary gland morphology, or decrease in litter size or growth of pups is seen
|
renal/urinary system
|
• urinary excretion of cAMP is decreased to 19.3 +/- 0.8 ug/mmol creatinine compared to 33.9 +/- 0.6 ug/mmol creatinine in controls
• urinary levels of C-telopeptides of type I collagen are significantly lower (3.98 +/- 0.82 ug/mmol creatinine versus 6.83 +/- 0.29 ug/mmol creatinine in controls)
|
hematopoietic system
|
• the osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter are reduced
|
immune system
|
• the osteoclast surface/bone surface ratio and number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter are reduced
|


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