Gene Expression Literature Summary
| Age | E12.5 |
| Immunohistochemistry (section) | 8 |
| In situ RNA (section) | 36 |
| In situ RNA (whole mount) | 10 |
| In situ reporter (knock in) | 4 |
| Northern blot | 2 |
| Western blot | 1 |
| RT-PCR | 9 |
| cDNA clones | 3 |
| RNase protection | 1 |
| Dlx5 distal-less homeobox 5 | |
| Results | Reference |
| 2 | J:56557 Acampora D, Merlo GR, Paleari L, Zerega B, Postiglione MP, Mantero S, Bober E, Barbieri O, Simeone A, Levi G, Craniofacial, vestibular and bone defects in mice lacking the Distal-less-related gene Dlx5. Development. 1999 Sep;126(17):3795-809 |
| 1* | J:41860 Anderson SA, Qiu M, Bulfone A, Eisenstat DD, Meneses J, Pedersen R , Rubenstein JL, Mutations of the homeobox genes Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 disrupt the striatal subventricular zone and differentiation of late born striatal neurons. Neuron. 1997 Jul;19(1):27-37 |
| 1* | J:173619 Barron F, Woods C, Kuhn K, Bishop J, Howard MJ, Clouthier DE, Downregulation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 expression by Hand2 is essential for initiation of tongue morphogenesis. Development. 2011 Jun;138(11):2249-59 |
| 1 | J:189073 Benazet JD, Pignatti E, Nugent A, Unal E, Laurent F, Zeller R, Smad4 is required to induce digit ray primordia and to initiate the aggregation and differentiation of chondrogenic progenitors in mouse limb buds. Development. 2012 Nov;139(22):4250-60 |
| 1* | J:85724 Bendall AJ, Hu G, Levi G, Abate-Shen C, Dlx5 regulates chondrocyte differentiation at multiple stages. Int J Dev Biol. 2003 Jun;47(5):335-44 |
| 1 | J:185651 Bluske KK, Vue TY, Kawakami Y, Taketo MM, Yoshikawa K, Johnson JE, Nakagawa Y, beta-Catenin signaling specifies progenitor cell identity in parallel with Shh signaling in the developing mammalian thalamus. Development. 2012 Aug;139(15):2692-702 |
| 1 | J:152532 Bond AM, Vangompel MJ, Sametsky EA, Clark MF, Savage JC, Disterhoft JF, Kohtz JD, Balanced gene regulation by an embryonic brain ncRNA is critical for adult hippocampal GABA circuitry. Nat Neurosci. 2009 Aug;12(8):1020-7 |
| 1 | J:355654 Cai S, Yin N, Single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping of upper lip and primary palate fusion. J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Oct;28(19):e70128 |
| 1* | J:51598 Casarosa S, Fode C, Guillemot F, Mash1 regulates neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon. Development. 1999 Feb;126(3):525-34 |
| 2* | J:267540 Cesario JM, Landin Malt A, Chung JU, Khairallah MP, Dasgupta K, Asam K, Deacon LJ, Choi V, Almaidhan AA, Darwiche NA, Kim J, Johnson RL, Jeong J, Anti-osteogenic function of a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LMX1B is essential to early patterning of the calvaria. Dev Biol. 2018 Nov 15;443(2):103-116 |
| 1 | J:147282 Chen L, Guo Q, Li JY, Transcription factor Gbx2 acts cell-nonautonomously to regulate the formation of lineage-restriction boundaries of the thalamus. Development. 2009 Apr;136(8):1317-26 |
| 1* | J:35265 Chen X, Li X, Wang W, Lufkin T, Dlx5 and Dlx6: an evolutionary conserved pair of murine homeobox genes expressed in the embryonic skeleton. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Jun 8;785:38-47 |
| 1* | J:132651 Cho G, Lim Y, Zand D, Golden JA, Sizn1 is a novel protein that functions as a transcriptional coactivator of bone morphogenic protein signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;28(5):1565-72 |
| 1* | J:166611 Chung IH, Han J, Iwata J, Chai Y, Msx1 and Dlx5 function synergistically to regulate frontal bone development. Genesis. 2010 Nov;48(11):645-55 |
| 1 | J:160856 Coremans V, Ahmed T, Balschun D, D'Hooge R, DeVriese A, Cremer J, Antonucci F, Moons M, Baekelandt V, Reumers V, Cremer H, Eisch A, Lagace D, Janssens T, Bozzi Y, Caleo M, Conway EM, Impaired neurogenesis, learning and memory and low seizure threshold associated with loss of neural precursor cell survivin. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11:2 |
| 2* | J:58233 Eisenstat DD, Liu JK, Mione M, Zhong W, Yu G, Anderson SA, Ghattas I, Puelles L, Rubenstein JL, DLX-1, DLX-2, and DLX-5 expression define distinct stages of basal forebrain differentiation. J Comp Neurol. 1999 Nov 15;414(2):217-37 |
| 2 | J:267941 Fakhouri WD, Metwalli K, Naji A, Bakhiet S, Quispe-Salcedo A, Nitschke L, Kousa YA, Schutte BC, Intercellular Genetic Interaction Between Irf6 and Twist1 during Craniofacial Development. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 2;7(1):7129 |
| 1 | J:109093 Feng J, Bi C, Clark BS, Mady R, Shah P, Kohtz JD, The Evf-2 noncoding RNA is transcribed from the Dlx-5/6 ultraconserved region and functions as a Dlx-2 transcriptional coactivator. Genes Dev. 2006 Jun 1;20(11):1470-84 |
| 1* | J:309721 Garaffo G, Provero P, Molineris I, Pinciroli P, Peano C, Battaglia C, Tomaiuolo D, Etzion T, Gothilf Y, Santoro M, Merlo GR, Profiling, Bioinformatic, and Functional Data on the Developing Olfactory/GnRH System Reveal Cellular and Molecular Pathways Essential for This Process and Potentially Relevant for the Kallmann Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013;4:203 |
| 1 | J:304355 Garcia-Calero E, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Martinez-de-la-Torre M, Fan CM, Puelles L, Sim1-expressing cells illuminate the origin and course of migration of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the mouse amygdala. Brain Struct Funct. 2021 Mar;226(2):519-562 |
| 1 | J:163224 Garcia-Lopez M, Abellan A, Legaz I, Rubenstein JL, Puelles L, Medina L, Histogenetic compartments of the mouse centromedial and extended amygdala based on gene expression patterns during development. J Comp Neurol. 2008 Jan 1;506(1):46-74 |
| 1 | J:44591 Garel S, Marin F, Grosschedl R, Charnay P, Ebf1 controls early cell differentiation in the embryonic striatum. Development. 1999 Dec;126(23):5285-94 |
| 1 | J:226667 Goodnough LH, Dinuoscio GJ, Ferguson JW, Williams T, Lang RA, Atit RP, Distinct requirements for cranial ectoderm and mesenchyme-derived wnts in specification and differentiation of osteoblast and dermal progenitors. PLoS Genet. 2014 Feb;10(2):e1004152 |
| 2* | J:125119 Han J, Ishii M, Bringas P Jr, Maas RL, Maxson RE Jr, Chai Y, Concerted action of Msx1 and Msx2 in regulating cranial neural crest cell differentiation during frontal bone development. Mech Dev. 2007 Sep-Oct;124(9-10):729-45 |
| 1 | J:82656 Hevner RF, Neogi T, Englund C, Daza RA, Fink A, Cajal-Retzius cells in the mouse: transcription factors, neurotransmitters, and birthdays suggest a pallial origin. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2003 Mar 14;141(1-2):39-53 |
| 1 | J:272575 Hwang CH, Keller J, Renner C, Ohta S, Wu DK, Genetic interactions support an inhibitory relationship between bone morphogenetic protein 2 and netrin 1 during semicircular canal formation. Development. 2019 Feb 15;146(4):dev174748 |
| 1 | J:127720 Jepsen K, Solum D, Zhou T, McEvilly RJ, Kim HJ, Glass CK, Hermanson O, Rosenfeld MG, SMRT-mediated repression of an H3K27 demethylase in progression from neural stem cell to neuron. Nature. 2007 Nov 15;450(7168):415-9 |
| 1 | J:245137 Kawata M, Taniguchi Y, Mori D, Yano F, Ohba S, Chung UI, Shimogori T, Mills AA, Tanaka S, Saito T, Different regulation of limb development by p63 transcript variants. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0174122 |
| 1 | J:369166 Kim DW, Duncan LH, Xu Z, Chang M, Sejer S, Terrillion CE, Kanold PO, Place E, Blackshaw S, Decoding gene networks controlling hypothalamic and prethalamic neuron development. Cell Rep. 2025 Jun 24;44(6):115858 |
| 1* | J:94927 Kimura MI, Kazuki Y, Kashiwagi A, Kai Y, Abe S, Barbieri O, Levi G, Oshimura M, Dlx5, the mouse homologue of the human-imprinted DLX5 gene, is biallelically expressed in the mouse brain. J Hum Genet. 2004;49(5):273-7 |
| 1 | J:84901 Kuschel S, Ruther U, Theil T, A disrupted balance between Bmp/Wnt and Fgf signaling underlies the ventralization of the Gli3 mutant telencephalon. Dev Biol. 2003 Aug 15;260(2):484-95 |
| 2* | J:241012 Lee M, Yoon J, Song H, Lee B, Lam DT, Yoon J, Baek K, Clevers H, Jeong Y, Tcf7l2 plays crucial roles in forebrain development through regulation of thalamic and habenular neuron identity and connectivity. Dev Biol. 2017 Apr 01;424(1):62-76 |
| 1 | J:83383 Levi G, Puche AC, Mantero S, Barbieri O, Trombino S, Paleari L, Egeo A, Merlo GR, The Dlx5 homeodomain gene is essential for olfactory development and connectivity in the mouse. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2003 Apr;22(4):530-43 |
| 1 | J:245974 Li J, Cui Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Qiu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Suppressor of Fused restraint of Hedgehog activity level is critical for osteogenic proliferation and differentiation during calvarial bone development. J Biol Chem. 2017 Sep 22;292(38):15814-15825 |
| 1 | J:275488 Lim Y, Cho IT, Shi X, Grinspan JB, Cho G, Golden JA, Arx Expression Suppresses Ventralization of the Developing Dorsal Forebrain. Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 18;9(1):226 |
| 2* | J:44405 Liu JK, Ghattas I, Liu S, Chen S, Rubenstein JL, Dlx genes encode DNA-binding proteins that are expressed in an overlapping and sequential pattern during basal ganglia differentiation. Dev Dyn. 1997 Dec;210(4):498-512 |
| 1 | J:135784 Lo Iacono N, Mantero S, Chiarelli A, Garcia E, Mills AA, Morasso MI, Costanzo A, Levi G, Guerrini L, Merlo GR, Regulation of Dlx5 and Dlx6 gene expression by p63 is involved in EEC and SHFM congenital limb defects. Development. 2008 Apr;135(7):1377-88 |
| 1 | J:119448 Long JE, Garel S, Alvarez-Dolado M, Yoshikawa K, Osumi N, Alvarez-Buylla A, Rubenstein JL, Dlx-dependent and -independent regulation of olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation. J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 21;27(12):3230-43 |
| 1* | J:173287 Long JE, Swan C, Liang WS, Cobos I, Potter GB, Rubenstein JL, Dlx1&2 and Mash1 transcription factors control striatal patterning and differentiation through parallel and overlapping pathways. J Comp Neurol. 2009 Feb 1;512(4):556-72 |
| 1* | J:362492 Luo SY, Wang S, Liu ZX, Bian Q, Wang XD, Six1 Regulates Mouse Incisor Development by Promoting Dlx1/2/5 Expression. J Dent Res. 2024 Sep;103(10):1017-1027 |
| 1* | J:78406 Merlo GR, Paleari L, Mantero S, Zerega B, Adamska M, Rinkwitz S, Bober E, Levi G, The Dlx5 homeobox gene is essential for vestibular morphogenesis in the mouse embryo through a BMP4-mediated pathway. Dev Biol. 2002 Aug 1;248(1):157-69 |
| 1 | J:66650 Merlo GR, Zerega B, Paleari L, Trombino S, Mantero S, Levi G, Multiple functions of Dlx genes. Int J Dev Biol. 2000;44(6 Spec No):619-26 |
| 2 | J:171208 Morales-Delgado N, Merchan P, Bardet SM, Ferran JL, Puelles L, Diaz C, Topography of Somatostatin Gene Expression Relative to Molecular Progenitor Domains during Ontogeny of the Mouse Hypothalamus. Front Neuroanat. 2011;5:10 |
| 1 | J:100340 Mori T, Yuxing Z, Takaki H, Takeuchi M, Iseki K, Hagino S, Kitanaka J, Takemura M, Misawa H, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Wanaka A, The LIM homeobox gene, L3/Lhx8, is necessary for proper development of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Jun;19(12):3129-41 |
| 2* | J:375094 Murillo-Rincon AP, Seton LWG, Escamilla-Vega E, Damatac A 2nd, Fuss J, Fortmann-Grote C, Kaucka M, Positional programs in early murine facial development and their role in human facial shape variability. Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 18;16(1):10112 |
| 2* | J:273047 Narboux-Neme N, Ekker M, Levi G, Heude E, Posterior axis formation requires Dlx5/Dlx6 expression at the neural plate border. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214063 |
| 1 | J:136019 Nishida H, Miyagawa S, Vieux-Rochas M, Morini M, Ogino Y, Suzuki K, Nakagata N, Choi HS, Levi G, Yamada G, Positive regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression through the interaction between Dlx and GATA-4 for testicular steroidogenesis. Endocrinology. 2008 May;149(5):2090-7 |
| 1* | J:380072 Parrilla M, Chang I, Degl'Innocenti A, Omura M, Expression of homeobox genes in the mouse olfactory epithelium. J Comp Neurol. 2016 Oct 1;524(14):2713-39 |
| 1 | J:212428 Raft S, Andrade LR, Shao D, Akiyama H, Henkemeyer M, Wu DK, Ephrin-B2 governs morphogenesis of endolymphatic sac and duct epithelia in the mouse inner ear. Dev Biol. 2014 Jun 1;390(1):51-67 |
| 1* | J:157819 Shimogori T, Lee DA, Miranda-Angulo A, Yang Y, Wang H, Jiang L, Yoshida AC, Kataoka A, Mashiko H, Avetisyan M, Qi L, Qian J, Blackshaw S, A genomic atlas of mouse hypothalamic development. Nat Neurosci. 2010;13(6):767-75 |
| 1* | J:17176 Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, D'Esposito M, Stornaiuolo A, Gulisano M, Mallamaci A, Kastury K, Druck T, Huebner K, Boncinelli E, Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Mar 15;91(6):2250-4 |
| 1 | J:69870 Skogh C, Eriksson C, Kokaia M, Meijer XC, Wahlberg LU, Wictorin K, Campbell K, Generation of regionally specified neurons in expanded glial cultures derived from the mouse and human lateral ganglionic eminence. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2001 May;17(5):811-20 |
| 2 | J:218837 Song H, Lee B, Pyun D, Guimera J, Son Y, Yoon J, Baek K, Wurst W, Jeong Y, Ascl1 and Helt act combinatorially to specify thalamic neuronal identity by repressing Dlxs activation. Dev Biol. 2015 Feb 15;398(2):280-91 |
| 1 | J:108506 Storm EE, Garel S, Borello U, Hebert JM, Martinez S, McConnell SK, Martin GR, Rubenstein JL, Dose-dependent functions of Fgf8 in regulating telencephalic patterning centers. Development. 2006 May;133(9):1831-44 |
| 1 | J:127939 Suzuki K, Haraguchi R, Ogata T, Barbieri O, Alegria O, Vieux-Rochas M, Nakagata N, Ito M, Mills AA, Kurita T, Levi G, Yamada G, Abnormal urethra formation in mouse models of Split-hand/split-foot malformation type 1 and type 4. Eur J Hum Genet. 2008 Jan;16(1):36-44 |
| 1 | J:52596 Toresson H, Mata de Urquiza A, Fagerstrom C, Perlmann T, Campbell K, Retinoids are produced by glia in the lateral ganglionic eminence and regulate striatal neuron differentiation. Development. 1999 Mar;126(6):1317-26 |
| 1* | J:64588 Toresson H, Potter SS, Campbell K, Genetic control of dorsal-ventral identity in the telencephalon: opposing roles for pax6 and gsh2. Development. 2000 Oct;127(20):4361-71 |
| 2* | J:50563 Yang L, Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, Abate-Shen C, Shen MM, An early phase of embryonic Dlx5 expression defines the rostral boundary of the neural plate. J Neurosci. 1998 Oct 15;18(20):8322-30 |
| 1* | J:39628 Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, Sciavolino P, Iler N, Shen MM, Abate-Shen C, Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 May;17(5):2920-32 |
| 1* | J:62179 Zhao Z, Stock D, Buchanan A, Weiss K, Expression of Dlx genes during the development of the murine dentition. Dev Genes Evol. 2000 May;210(5):270-5 |
| 1 | J:155388 Zhu H, Bendall AJ, Dlx5 Is a cell autonomous regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in mice and functionally substitutes for Dlx6 during endochondral ossification. PLoS One. 2009;4(11):e8097 |
| 1* | J:157752 Zimmer C, Tiveron MC, Bodmer R, Cremer H, Dynamics of Cux2 expression suggests that an early pool of SVZ precursors is fated to become upper cortical layer neurons. Cereb Cortex. 2004 Dec;14(12):1408-20 |
Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 05/19/2026 MGI 6.24 |
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