Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of T. (This text reflects annotations as of Thursday, July 24, 2014.)

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Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The protein encoded by this gene is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor that binds to a specific DNA element, the palindromic T-site. It binds through a region in its N-terminus, called the T-box, and effects transcription of genes required for mesoderm formation and differentiation. The protein is localized to notochord-derived cells. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of T
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • BMP signaling pathway ^[12]
    • canonical Wnt signaling pathway ^[12]
    • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ^[15]
    • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ^[9]
    • signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression ^[11]
    • SMAD protein signal transduction ^[17]
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding ^[15]
    • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding ^[15]
    • RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription ^[15]
    • sequence-specific DNA binding ^{[4, 9, 10, 18]}
    • sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity ^[9]
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • cytoplasm ^[5]
    • nucleus ^{[8, 9, 14, 18]}
• The gene product of T has been shown to bind to the gene products of Stat3. ^[18] Researchers have inferred, based on physical interactions, that the gene product of T
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding ^[15]
    • RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding ^[15]
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of T
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • anatomical structure morphogenesis ^[5]
    • anterior/posterior pattern specification ^[1]
    • determination of heart left/right asymmetry ^[7]
    • embryonic skeletal system development ^[8]
    • mesoderm development ^[8]
    • mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation ^[20]
    • neural plate morphogenesis ^[1]
    • neural tube closure ^[5]
    • notochord development ^{[1, 3, 8]}
    • notochord formation ^[16]
    • penetration of zona pellucida ^[6]
    • positive regulation of cell proliferation ^[5]
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation ^[2]
    • post-anal tail morphogenesis ^{[8, 13, 19, 20]}
    • reproductive process ^[13]
    • somitogenesis ^{[1, 5, 8]}
    • vasculogenesis ^[5]
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • chromatin ^[2]
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of T
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • bone morphogenesis based on interactions with Sp5 ^[4]
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter based on interactions with Lif ^[18]
    • post-anal tail morphogenesis based on interactions with Sp5 ^[4]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in other organisms

• From comparative sequence analysis (see table for details), MGI curators have determined that the gene product of T:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • heart morphogenesis
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
    • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding
    • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
    • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nuclear chromatin

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• T encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: p53-like transcription factor, DNA-binding, Transcription factor, Brachyury, Transcription factor, T-box, Transcription factor, T-box, conserved site, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

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Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe T indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • multicellular organismal development
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
    • transcription, DNA-templated
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding

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References

1. Bogani D et al. (2004) New semidominant mutations that affect mouse development. Genesis, 40:109. (PubMed:15384171)
2. David R et al. (2011) Induction of MesP1 by Brachyury(T) generates the common multipotent cardiovascular stem cell. Cardiovasc Res, 92:115-22. (PubMed:21632880)
3. Dietrich S et al. (1993) Altered Pax gene expression in murine notochord mutants: the notochord is required to initiate and maintain ventral identity in the somite. Mech Dev, 44:189-207. (PubMed:8155581)
4. Harrison SM et al. (2000) Sp5, a new member of the Sp1 family, is dynamically expressed during development and genetically interacts with brachyury Dev Biol, 227:358-72. (PubMed:11071760)
5. Inman KE et al. (2006) Brachyury is required for elongation and vasculogenesis in the murine allantois. Development, 133:2947-59. (PubMed:16835439)
6. Johnson LR et al. (1995) Sperm from mice carrying one or two t haplotypes are deficient in investment and oocyte penetration. Dev Biol, 168:138-49. (PubMed:7883069)
7. King T et al. (1998) The role of the brachyury gene in heart development and left-right specification in the mouse. Mech Dev, 79:29-37. (PubMed:10349618)
8. Kispert A et al. (1994) Immunohistochemical analysis of the Brachyury protein in wild-type and mutant mouse embryos. Dev Biol, 161:179-93. (PubMed:8293872)
9. Kispert A et al. (1995) The T protein encoded by Brachyury is a tissue-specific transcription factor. EMBO J, 14:4763-72. (PubMed:7588606)
10. Kispert A et al. (1993) The Brachyury gene encodes a novel DNA binding protein [published erratum appears in EMBO J 1993 Dec;12(12):4898-9] EMBO J, 12:3211-20. (PubMed:8344258)
11. Lee D et al. (2008) ER71 acts downstream of BMP, Notch, and Wnt signaling in blood and vessel progenitor specification. Cell Stem Cell, 2:497-507. (PubMed:18462699)
12. Liu Y et al. (2007) Sox17 is essential for the specification of cardiac mesoderm in embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104:3859-64. (PubMed:17360443)
13. Lyon MF et al. (1977) Derivation of mutant t-haplotypes of the mouse by presumed duplication or deletion. Genet Res, 30:63-76. (PubMed:924142)
14. Nishiyama A et al. (2009) Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors. Cell Stem Cell, 5:420-33. (PubMed:19796622)
15. Pereira LA et al. (2011) Brachyury and related Tbx proteins interact with the Mixl1 homeodomain protein and negatively regulate Mixl1 transcriptional activity. PLoS One, 6:e28394. (PubMed:22164283)
16. Rennebeck GM et al. (1995) Is there a Brachyury the Second? Analysis of a transgenic mutation involved in notochord maintenance in mice. Dev Biol, 172:206-17. (PubMed:7589801)
17. Sirard C et al. (1998) The tumor suppressor gene Smad4/Dpc4 is required for gastrulation and later for anterior development of the mouse embryo. Genes Dev, 12:107-19. (PubMed:9420335)
18. Suzuki A et al. (2006) Nanog binds to Smad1 and blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103:10294-9. (PubMed:16801560)
19. Vidigal JA et al. (2010) An inducible RNA interference system for the functional dissection of mouse embryogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res, 38:e122. (PubMed:20350929)
20. Wilson V et al. (1995) The T gene is necessary for normal mesodermal morphogenetic cell movements during gastrulation. Development, 121:877-86. (PubMed:7720590)

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Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

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