Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of Emx2. (This text reflects annotations as of Wednesday, January 23, 2013.)

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Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that is the homolog to the 'empty spiracles' gene in Drosophila. Research on this gene in humans has focused on its expression in three tissues: dorsal telencephalon, olfactory neuroepithelium, and urogenetial system. It is expressed in the dorsal telencephalon during development in a low rostral-lateral to high caudal-medial gradient and is proposed to pattern the neocortex into defined functional areas. It is also expressed in embryonic and adult olfactory neuroepithelia where it complexes with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and possibly regulates mRNA transport or translation. In the developing urogenital system, it is expressed in epithelial tissues and is negatively regulated by HOXA10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of Emx2
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • response to drug ^[12]
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of Emx2
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • anterior/posterior pattern specification ^[1]
    • brain development ^{[1, 2, 7, 10]}
    • cell proliferation in forebrain ^[11]
    • cerebral cortex regionalization ^[8]
    • dentate gyrus development ^[11]
    • forebrain cell migration ^[11]
    • forebrain development ^[4]
    • neuron differentiation ^[2]
    • regulation of gene expression ^{[6, 8]}
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of Emx2
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • anterior/posterior pattern specification based on interactions with Pax6 ^[5]
    • cerebral cortex development based on interactions with Emx1 ^[8]
    • cerebral cortex regionalization based on interactions with Emx1 ^[9]
    • forebrain development based on interactions with Emx1, Otx2 ^[5]
    • renal system development based on interactions with Gata3, Lhx1, Mecom, Pax2 ^[3]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• Emx2 encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: Helix-turn-helix motif, Homeobox, conserved site, Homeodomain, Homeodomain, metazoa, Homeodomain-like, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
    • transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nucleus

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Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe Emx2 indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • multicellular organismal development
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nucleus

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References

1. Bishop KM et al. (2002) Distinct actions of Emx1, Emx2, and Pax6 in regulating the specification of areas in the developing neocortex. J Neurosci, 22:7627-38. (PubMed:12196586)
2. Bishop KM et al. (2003) Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate to regulate cortical size, lamination, neuronal differentiation, development of cortical efferents, and thalamocortical pathfinding. J Comp Neurol, 457:345-60. (PubMed:12561075)
3. Boualia SK et al. (2011) Vesicoureteral reflux and other urinary tract malformations in mice compound heterozygous for pax2 and emx2. PLoS One, 6:e21529. (PubMed:21731775)
4. Hamasaki T et al. (2004) EMX2 regulates sizes and positioning of the primary sensory and motor areas in neocortex by direct specification of cortical progenitors. Neuron, 43:359-72. (PubMed:15294144)
5. Kimura J et al. (2005) Emx2 and Pax6 function in cooperation with Otx2 and Otx1 to develop caudal forebrain primordium that includes future archipallium. J Neurosci, 25:5097-108. (PubMed:15917450)
6. Li H et al. (2006) Potential target genes of EMX2 include Odz/Ten-M and other gene families with implications for cortical patterning. Mol Cell Neurosci, 33:136-49. (PubMed:16919471)
7. Lopez-Bendito G et al. (2002) Role of Emx2 in the development of the reciprocal connectivity between cortex and thalamus. J Comp Neurol, 451:153-69. (PubMed:12209834)
8. Muzio L et al. (2003) Emx1, emx2 and pax6 in specification, regionalization and arealization of the cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex, 13:641-7. (PubMed:12764040)
9. Shinozaki K et al. (2004) Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of archipallium development. Mech Dev, 121:475-89. (PubMed:15147765)
10. Shinozaki K et al. (2002) Absence of Cajal-Retzius cells and subplate neurons associated with defects of tangential cell migration from ganglionic eminence in Emx1/2 double mutant cerebral cortex. Development, 129:3479-92. (PubMed:12091317)
11. Tole S et al. (2000) Emx2 is required for growth of the hippocampus but not for hippocampal field specification. J Neurosci, 20:2618-25. (PubMed:10729342)
12. Wlodarczyk BC et al. (1996) Valproic acid-induced changes in gene expression during neurulation in a mouse model. Teratology, 54:284-97. (PubMed:9098922)

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Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

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