Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of Phox2b. (This text reflects annotations as of Tuesday, May 21, 2013.)

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Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription factor involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations and the determination of neurotransmitter phenotype. The gene product is linked to enhancement of second messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta-hydroylase, c-fos promoters and several enhancers, including cyclic amp-response element and serum-response element. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of Phox2b
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cellular response to BMP stimulus ^[7]
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ^[12]
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nucleus ^{[1, 13, 14]}
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of Phox2b
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cell development ^[5]
    • cell differentiation in hindbrain ^[6]
    • dopaminergic neuron differentiation ^[9]
    • efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve ^[11]
    • enteric nervous system development ^[9]
    • glial cell differentiation ^[8]
    • hindbrain tangential cell migration ^[3]
    • inner ear development ^[11]
    • negative regulation of cell proliferation ^[8]
    • neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development ^[9]
    • neuron differentiation ^[8]
    • neuron migration ^[2]
    • noradrenergic neuron differentiation ^{[3, 9]}
    • parasympathetic nervous system development ^[9]
    • regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process ^[4]
    • respiratory system development ^[4]
    • retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation ^[4]
    • skeletal muscle cell differentiation ^[10]
    • sympathetic nervous system development ^[9]
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of Phox2b
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • negative regulation of neuron differentiation based on interactions with Phox2b ^[6]
    • positive regulation of neuron differentiation based on interactions with Phox2b ^[6]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in other organisms

• From comparative sequence analysis (see table for details), MGI curators have determined that the gene product of Phox2b:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • autonomic nervous system development
    • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
    • RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nuclear chromatin

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• Phox2b encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: Homeobox, conserved site, Homeodomain, Homeodomain-like, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

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Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe Phox2b indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • multicellular organismal development
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding

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References

1. Bates MD et al. (2006) The Hlx homeobox transcription factor is required early in enteric nervous system development. BMC Dev Biol, 6:33. (PubMed:16854219)
2. Coppola E et al. (2005) Reciprocal gene replacements reveal unique functions for Phox2 genes during neural differentiation. EMBO J, 24:4392-403. (PubMed:16319924)
3. Coppola E et al. (2010) Ongoing roles of Phox2 homeodomain transcription factors during neuronal differentiation. Development, 137:4211-20. (PubMed:21068058)
4. Dubreuil V et al. (2009) Defective respiratory rhythmogenesis and loss of central chemosensitivity in Phox2b mutants targeting retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons. J Neurosci, 29:14836-46. (PubMed:19940179)
5. Huber K et al. (2005) The role of Phox2B in chromaffin cell development. Dev Biol, 279:501-8. (PubMed:15733675)
6. Jacob J et al. (2007) Transcriptional repression coordinates the temporal switch from motor to serotonergic neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci, 10:1433-9. (PubMed:17922007)
7. Morikawa Y et al. (2009) BMP signaling regulates sympathetic nervous system development through Smad4-dependent and -independent pathways. Development, 136:3575-84. (PubMed:19793887)
8. Nekrep N et al. (2008) Signals from the neural crest regulate beta-cell mass in the pancreas. Development, 135:2151-60. (PubMed:18506029)
9. Pattyn A et al. (1999) The homeobox gene Phox2b is essential for the development of autonomic neural crest derivatives. Nature, 399:366-70. (PubMed:10360575)
10. Rajan S et al. (2011) Analysis of early C2C12 myogenesis identifies stably and differentially expressed transcriptional regulators whose knock-down inhibits myoblast differentiation. Physiol Genomics, null:null. (PubMed:22147266)
11. Tiveron MC et al. (2003) Role of Phox2b and Mash1 in the generation of the vestibular efferent nucleus. Dev Biol, 260:46-57. (PubMed:12885554)
12. Yokoyama M et al. (1999) Genomic structure and functional characterization of NBPhox (PMX2B), a homeodomain protein specific to catecholaminergic cells that is involved in second messenger-mediated transcriptional activation. Genomics, 59:40-50. (PubMed:10395798)
13. Young HM et al. (1998) A single rostrocaudal colonization of the rodent intestine by enteric neuron precursors is revealed by the expression of Phox2b, Ret, and p75 and by explants grown under the kidney capsule or in organ culture. Dev Biol, 202:67-84. (PubMed:9758704)
14. Young HM et al. (1999) Expression of Ret-, p75(NTR)-, Phox2a-, Phox2b-, and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity by undifferentiated neural crest-derived cells and different classes of enteric neurons in the embryonic mouse gut. Dev Dyn, 216:137-52. (PubMed:10536054)

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Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

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