Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph)

GO curators for mouse genes have assigned the following annotations to the gene product of Ppard. (This text reflects annotations as of Wednesday, January 23, 2013.)

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Summary from NCBI RefSeq

[Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that bind peroxisome proliferators and control the size and number of peroxisomes produced by cells. PPARs mediate a variety of biological processes, and may be involved in the development of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This protein is a potent inhibitor of ligand-induced transcription activity of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. It may function as an integrator of transcription repression and nuclear receptor signaling. The expression of this gene is found to be elevated in colorectal cancer cells. The elevated expression can be repressed by adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor protein related to APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in mouse

• Researchers have inferred from direct assay, that the gene product of Ppard
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • cell differentiation ^[7]
    • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter ^[]
    • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade ^[7]
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • DNA binding ^[]
• Researchers have inferred, based on phenotypic analysis of mouse mutants, that the gene product of Ppard
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • adipose tissue development ^[2]
    • anagen ^[3]
    • axon ensheathment ^[8]
    • cell differentiation ^[7]
    • cell proliferation ^[8]
    • cell-substrate adhesion ^[6]
    • keratinocyte migration ^[6]
    • keratinocyte proliferation ^[5]
    • lipid metabolic process ^{[7, 8]}
    • placenta development ^[2]
    • positive regulation of cell proliferation ^[2]
    • regulation of fat cell differentiation ^[2]
    • wound healing ^[6]
• Researchers have inferred, based on genetic interactions, that the gene product of Ppard
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation based on interactions with Apc ^[4]
    • regulation of cell proliferation based on interactions with Apc ^[9]

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by experimental evidence in other organisms

• From comparative sequence analysis (see table for details), MGI curators have determined that the gene product of Ppard:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • apoptotic process
    • fatty acid oxidation
    • intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway
    • lipid metabolic process
    • mRNA transcription
    • negative regulation of apoptotic process
    • negative regulation of cell growth
    • negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
    • negative regulation of inflammatory response
    • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
    • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • phospholipid biosynthetic process
    • positive regulation of epidermis development
    • positive regulation of insulin secretion
    • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
    • positive regulation of vasodilation
    • proteoglycan metabolic process
    • vitamin A metabolic process
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • drug binding
    • fatty acid binding
    • ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
    • linoleic acid binding
    • lipid binding
    • NF-kappaB binding
    • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
    • transcription coactivator activity
  • is located in the following cellular components:
    • nucleus

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Summary text based on GO annotations supported by structural data

• Ppard encodes a protein or proteins that contain the following InterPro domains: Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding, Nuclear hormone receptor, ligand-binding, core, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, beta, Steroid hormone receptor, Zinc finger, NHR/GATA-type, Zinc finger, nuclear hormone receptor-type, indicating that the gene product:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
    • steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • sequence-specific DNA binding
    • steroid hormone receptor activity
    • zinc ion binding

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Summary text for additional MGI annotations

• Automated translation to GO terms of SwissProt keywords that describe Ppard indicates that it:
  • participates in the following biological processes:
    • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
    • transcription, DNA-dependent
  • performs the following molecular functions:
    • metal ion binding

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References

1. . () , :. (PubMed:)
2. Barak Y et al. (2002) Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99:303-8. (PubMed:11756685)
3. Di-Poi N et al. (2005) Epithelium-mesenchyme interactions control the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta during hair follicle development. Mol Cell Biol, 25:1696-712. (PubMed:15713628)
4. Gupta RA et al. (2004) Activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta accelerates intestinal adenoma growth. Nat Med, 10:245-7. (PubMed:14758356)
5. Melis E et al. (2001) Targeted deletion of the cytosolic domain of tissue factor in mice does not affect development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 286:580-6. (PubMed:11511099)
6. Michalik L et al. (2001) Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARbeta mutant mice. J Cell Biol, 154:799-814. (PubMed:11514592)
7. Nadra K et al. (2006) Differentiation of trophoblast giant cells and their metabolic functions are dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta. Mol Cell Biol, 26:3266-81. (PubMed:16581799)
8. Peters JM et al. (2000) Growth, adipose, brain, and skin alterations resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta(delta). Mol Cell Biol, 20:5119-28. (PubMed:10866668)
9. Wang D et al. (2004) Prostaglandin E(2) promotes colorectal adenoma growth via transactivation of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Cancer Cell, 6:285-95. (PubMed:15380519)

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Gene Ontology Evidence Code Abbreviations:

EXP Inferred from experiment

IC Inferred by curator

IDA Inferred from direct assay

IEA Inferred from electronic annotation

IGI Inferred from genetic interaction

IMP Inferred from mutant phenotype

IPI Inferred from physical interaction

ISS Inferred from sequence or structural similarity

ISO Inferred from sequence orthology

ISA Inferred from sequence alignment

ISM Inferred from sequence model

NAS Non-traceable author statement

ND No biological data available

RCA Reviewed computational analysis

TAS Traceable author statement

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