mortality/aging
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• following i.p. infection with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3, strain Nancy)
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immune system
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• when myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from 3-day CVB3-infected hearts are cocultured with negatively selected CD3+ T cells and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, the % of proliferating CD8+ T cells is significantly higher than that in controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly higher IFN-alpha and IFN-beta levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly lower IL-6 and IL-1beta levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly lower TNF levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• upon in vitro stimulation with PMA/ionomycin, CD8+ T cells show a significantly enhanced IFN-gamma producing ability in the heart and spleen from 2-day CVB3-infected mice
• however, the IFN-gamma-producing ability of CD8+ T cells in spleen is similar to that in untreated controls before CVB3 infection
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• 2 days after CVB3 infection, mice show significantly lower cell numbers of monocytic MDSCs (CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G-), macrophages, neutrophils, B cells and T cells infiltrated in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• following i.p. infection with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3, strain Nancy)
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• following i.p. infection with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3, strain Nancy)
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cellular
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• in vitro, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes infected with CVB3 show dramatically reduced expression of CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, and BAX, indicating reduced EIF2AK3-mediated ER stress and apoptosis
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• when myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from 3-day CVB3-infected hearts are cocultured with negatively selected CD3+ T cells and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, the % of proliferating CD8+ T cells is significantly higher than that in controls
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• following infection with CVB3, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes from 2-day-old mice show dramatically reduced phosphorylation of EIF2AK3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3, also known as PERK), suggesting reduced EIF2AK3-mediated ER stress
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show dramatically reduced circulating creatine kinase levels relative to CVB3-infected controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly higher IFN-alpha and IFN-beta levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly lower IL-6 and IL-1beta levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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• following CVB3 infection, mice show significantly lower TNF levels in the heart than CVB3-infected controls
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hematopoietic system
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• when myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from 3-day CVB3-infected hearts are cocultured with negatively selected CD3+ T cells and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, the % of proliferating CD8+ T cells is significantly higher than that in controls
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• 2 days after CVB3 infection, mice show a significantly lower frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (CD11b+ Gr1+ MDSCs) in the heart and spleen than CVB3-infected controls
• however, the frequency of MDSCs in spleen is similar to that in untreated controls before CVB3 infection
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cardiovascular system
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• in vitro, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes infected with CVB3 show dramatically reduced expression of CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, and BAX, indicating reduced EIF2AK3-mediated ER stress and apoptosis
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muscle
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• in vitro, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes infected with CVB3 show dramatically reduced expression of CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, and BAX, indicating reduced EIF2AK3-mediated ER stress and apoptosis
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