muscle
• soleus exhibits smaller muscle size, mass, and cross-sectional area
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• percentage of slow type I fibers is 25% higher in soleus muscle than in wild-type mice
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• maximal twitch rate of contraction (+dF/dt) is reduced by 40% and the maximal twitch rate of relaxation (-dF/dt) is decreased by 45%, which are associated with a 2-fold prolongation of the contraction time and half-relaxation time
• beta-adrenergic stimulation of soleus with isoproterenol partially reverses the depressed contraction time and completely reverses the half-relaxation time
• soleus shows altered isometric twitch contractions, with the force developed by soleus reduced
• however, after normalization to the cross-sectional area of the muscle, the developed force is similar to controls
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• maximal twitch rate of contraction (+dF/dt) is reduced by 40% and the maximal twitch rate of relaxation (-dF/dt) is decreased by 45%, which are associated with a 2-fold prolongation of the contraction time and half-relaxation time
• beta-adrenergic stimulation of soleus with isoproterenol partially reverses the depressed contraction time and completely reverses the half-relaxation time
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limbs/digits/tail
• soleus exhibits smaller muscle size, mass, and cross-sectional area
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