Analysis Tools
immune system
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• inflammatory cytokines, including Il2ra, Tnf, Icos, Il1b, Socs1, and Vcam1, are expressed in the suburothelial layer of mice that have anti-urothelial antibodies
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• urinary cytokines, including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL1-alpha, G-CSF, and IL-1beta, are upregulated in the urine of mice that have anti-urothelial antibodies
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• anti-urothelial autoantibodies are seen in the serum as early as 7 weeks of age, with about 50% of mice showing autoantibodies at 10 weeks of age
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• mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies show massive infiltration of inflammatory cells at the suburothelial layer
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renal/urinary system
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• urinary cytokines, including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL1-alpha, G-CSF, and IL-1beta, are upregulated in the urine of mice that have anti-urothelial antibodies
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• mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies show massive infiltration of inflammatory cells at the suburothelial layer
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• mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies show disarrangement of urothelial plaque on the surface of the bladder and disarranged cellular structure of the bladder epithelium at 16 weeks of age
• surface of bladder epithelium shows poorer plaque formation, exposing bare surface of smaller epithelial cells beneath it, in mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies
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• mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies void less urine per void than wild-type mice, even when corrected for body weight
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• inflammatory cytokines, including Il2ra, Tnf, Icos, Il1b, Socs1, and Vcam1, are expressed in the suburothelial layer of mice that have anti-urothelial antibodies
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• urinary cytokines, including GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL1-alpha, G-CSF, and IL-1beta, are upregulated in the urine of mice that have anti-urothelial antibodies
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growth/size/body
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• lower body weight in mice that are positive for anti-urothelial antibodies
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