growth/size/body
• dwarfism
|
skeleton
• narrow trunk
|
short ribs
(
J:183772
)
• osteoclasts per bone area are increased
• osteoclast surface area/bone surface area is increased
|
• fewer subchondral trabeculae
• trabeculae only partially mineralized
• more abundant collagen deposition
• significantly lower bone volume/trabecular volume in distal metaphysis of the femur
|
• smaller hypertrophic mineralization zone
|
• lack proliferative column organization
• proliferative zone reduced
|
• reduced hypertrophic zone
• small hypertrophic cells
|
• reduced size of epiphysis
|
• defect in mineralization of calcified cartilage and primary spongiosa
|
• delayed formation of secondary ossification centers
|
craniofacial
hematopoietic system
• osteoclasts per bone area are increased
• osteoclast surface area/bone surface area is increased
|
immune system
• osteoclasts per bone area are increased
• osteoclast surface area/bone surface area is increased
|