mortality/aging
• homozygotes exhibit immediate post-partum lethality due to neuromuscular junction defects
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renal/urinary system
• at P0, homozygotes display subpenetrant renal agenesis with rudimentary ureters
• kidney agenesis involves only structures derived from the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme
• the small number of kidneys that do form appear morphologically normal
• the lower urinary and genital systems of both male and female homozygotes remain intact
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• at E12.5, the metanephric mesenchyme is absent, unlike in wild-type mice
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• 51% of homozygotes display bilateral renal agenesis
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• 22% of homozygotes display unilateral renal agenesis
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• at P0, homozygotes display bilateral or unilateral renal agenesis with rudimentary ureters
• all newborn homozygotes display at least a partial ureter
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• only 12.5% (1/8) of 38 somite stage newborn homozygotes have formed a ureteric bud relative to 100% of wild type controls, indicating a delay in ureteric bud formation
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• the ureteric bud fails to undergo secondary branching
• experssion of several branching regulators is lost by E12.5, unlike in wild-type mice
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• at E11.5, the ureteric bud fails to invade the metanephric mesenchyme and form a T-shape
• mesenchymal expression of Pax2 is lost by E12.5, unlike in wild-type mice
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nervous system
• homozygotes die of neuromuscular junction defects
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