Phenotypes Associated with This Genotype

Genotype
MGI:4941053

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg; Tg(TNF)197Gkl/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CBA

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

growth/size/body

decreased body weight ( J:97992 )

• reduction of >20% in body weight

skeleton

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

joint swelling ( J:97992 )

• progressive joint swelling

autoimmune arthritis ( J:97992 )

• arthritis at the age of 4 week

• disease activity is significantly enhanced and progress significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• larger areas of inflammatory bone erosions

decreased trabecular bone volume ( J:97992 )

• lower trabecular bone volume, further decreased than Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• low numbers of trabeculae and decreased trabecular thickness

decreased compact bone thickness ( J:97992 )

• thinning of cortical bone

decreased bone mass ( J:97992 )

• aggravated bone loss in both the axial and peripheral skeletal compartment

decreased trabecular bone mass ( J:97992 )

• decrease of trabecular structures

abnormal articular cartilage morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased cartilage damage as denoted by widespread loss of proteoglycans in the articular cartilage compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased bone resorption ( J:97992 )

• massive increase in numbers of osteoclasts and osteoclast-covered surface

• increased serum parameters of bone resorption (cross-laps)

behavior/neurological

decreased grip strength ( J:97992 )

• grip strength of paws deteriorated significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

immune system

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-1 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-1 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-6 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased interleukin-1 secretion ( J:97992 )

• increased production of IL-1 in osteoclasts compared with cells from Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased interleukin-6 secretion ( J:97992 )

• increased production of IL-6 in osteoclasts compared with cells from Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

autoimmune arthritis ( J:97992 )

• arthritis at the age of 4 week

• disease activity is significantly enhanced and progress significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• larger areas of inflammatory bone erosions

hematopoietic system

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

homeostasis/metabolism

increased circulating interleukin-1 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-1 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-6 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

joint swelling ( J:97992 )

• progressive joint swelling

cellular

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts