Analysis Tools
embryo
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• defects in the process of convergent extension
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• defects in neural crest cell distribution
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• the neural tube is open from the midbrain/hindbrain boundary throughout the spinal cord
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nervous system
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• defects in neural crest cell distribution
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• the neural tube is open from the midbrain/hindbrain boundary throughout the spinal cord
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• disruption of the arrangement of the stereociliary bundles on the third row of outer hair cells, a broadened region of OHC with
four apparent rows of cells, plus additional cells external to the row of inner hair cells
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• apparent fusion of the ninth and tenth cranial ganglia
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• trigeminal ganglion appear enlarged and misshapen
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• apparent fusion of the ninth and tenth cranial ganglia
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• a shortening and skewing of the spinal cord
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growth/size/body
omphalocele
(
J:163834
)
vision/eye
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• 52% of fetuses at E16.5 have a failure of eyelid closure
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skeleton
rib fusion
(
J:163834
)
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• splayed vertebrae
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limbs/digits/tail
hearing/vestibular/ear
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• disruption of the arrangement of the stereociliary bundles on the third row of outer hair cells, a broadened region of OHC with
four apparent rows of cells, plus additional cells external to the row of inner hair cells
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respiratory system
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• thickened interstitial mesenchyme with infrequent septation
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• at E18.5, the lung lobes are highly misshapen
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• at E18.5, the lung lobes are reduced in size
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cardiovascular system
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• connections between the ventricles and the great arteries are concordant, although the vessels are parallel rather than spiraling round one another
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• a defect of double outlet right ventricle is observed, whereby both the aorta and the pulmonary trunk exit from the right ventricle
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