cardiovascular system
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• fewer blood vessels are present in the left ventricle compared to in wild-type mice
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• the diastolic thickness of the intraventricular septum is increased compared to in wild-type mice
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• mild
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• left ventricular end-diastolic diameter is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
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• the diastolic thickness of the left ventricle is increased compared to in wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit reduced fractional shortening compared with wild-type mice
• during electrical stimulation, cardiomyocytes exhibit reduced cell shortening compared with wild-type cells
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• dobutamine-treated mice exhibit increased isovolumic relaxation time, a measure of diastolic dysfunction, compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit reduced maximum rates of left ventricular pressure development and pressure decline compared to in wild-type mice
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• cardiomyocytes exhibit prolonged time to reduce cytosolic calcium levels compared with wild-type cells
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growth/size/body
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• mild
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• dobutamine-treated mice exhibit increased isovolumic relaxation time, a measure of diastolic dysfunction, compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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muscle
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• mice exhibit reduced fractional shortening compared with wild-type mice
• during electrical stimulation, cardiomyocytes exhibit reduced cell shortening compared with wild-type cells
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• dobutamine-treated mice exhibit increased isovolumic relaxation time, a measure of diastolic dysfunction, compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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