Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at birth and 2 months, pancreatic contents of insulin and glucagon are similar to that of controls; islet architecture and function are normal
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• in newborns, diminished surface occupied by exocrine pancreas is composed of poorly polarized acinar cells
• at 2 months, histology is grossly normal, but adipocytes accumulate in the parenchyma
• in 10 month old animals, adipose tissue is abundant; however pancreas weight is still reduced by 31%
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
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• loss of exocrine tissue affects 50% of the acinar mass
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• acinar cells from newborns and adults have less amylase+ve and Cpa+ve zymogen granules than controls and are poorly polarized; in some pancreata, cellular localization of zymogen granules in adult cells is altered due to accumulation of lipid droplets
• some amylase containing zymogen granules are located within the thin cytoplasmic rim of adipocytes
• at 10 months, remaining acinar cells show similar dysmorphic traits to those in younger animals (see note above)
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
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• in 10 month-old animals, acinar cells are totally absent in entire pancreatic lobes
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• arborization of exocrine tree in newborns is reduced to 51% of controls and to 17% in adults
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 70% of the ductal mass
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• growth of main pancreatic axes is unaffected but secondary branches are less developed at E15.5 and in newborns
• at E12.5, pancreata contain less proliferating pHH3+/Pdx1+/amylase -ve progenitor cells than controls
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• at 2 months, pancreas weight is reduced to 55% of control weight
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• pancreas is hypoplastic from E12.5 onward
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• at birth amylase activity in pancreatic extracts is 7% of controls, but recovers to 57% by 2 months of age; amylase acitivity per gram/pancreas is reduced 4-fold in newborns and partially recovered at 2 months
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digestive/alimentary system
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• loss of exocrine tissue affects 50% of the acinar mass
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• acinar cells from newborns and adults have less amylase+ve and Cpa+ve zymogen granules than controls and are poorly polarized; in some pancreata, cellular localization of zymogen granules in adult cells is altered due to accumulation of lipid droplets
• some amylase containing zymogen granules are located within the thin cytoplasmic rim of adipocytes
• at 10 months, remaining acinar cells show similar dysmorphic traits to those in younger animals (see note above)
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
|
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• in 10 month-old animals, acinar cells are totally absent in entire pancreatic lobes
|
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• arborization of exocrine tree in newborns is reduced to 51% of controls and to 17% in adults
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 70% of the ductal mass
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