Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• 1 hr postcoitum, 46-86% of mutant uterine sperm show angulation of the tail at the mid-/principal piece junction, bending into hairpin forms in the extreme, and often forming entangled sperm aggregates
• when uterine contents are flushed out with medium H330 and allowed to disperse, twice as many motile mutant sperm are in hairpin form, although no difference is observed in % motility relative to wild-type controls most of which have straight flagella
• at 1 hr postcoitum, hairpin forms are more predominant (80%) in motile than in immotile sperm
• at 4 hr postcoitum, only 16% of mutant uterine sperm exhibit straight tails vs 70% in wild-type sperm
• however, no significant differences in the osmotic pressure of uterine contents are observed at 1 hr or at 4 hrs postcoitum relative to wild-type controls, and mutant uterine sperm are still motile at 4 hrs (27.6 +/- 10.3%)
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• mutant sperm fail to migrate into the oviduct as a result of tail angulations that form entangled sperm masses and impaired flagellar vigor within the uterus
• sequential flushings of oviducts at 4 hrs after mating females with wild-type males contain sperm classified as free (591 +/- 119), loosely (371 +/- 70), and tightly (122 +/- 47) bound to the epithelium; in contrast, no mutant sperm are recovered from the oviduct or observed within the uterotubal junction
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• 1 hr postcoitum, mutant uterine sperm flushed out and allowed to disperse in medium H330 show a 54% and 37% reduction in straight-line (VSL) and curvilinear velocities (VCL), respectively, relative to wild-type values
• while the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) is also reduced, the beat cross frequency and linearity of the swim path remain unaffected
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• male homozygotes are infertile due to an inability of ejaculated sperm to leave the uterus and enter the oviduct
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cellular
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• 1 hr postcoitum, 46-86% of mutant uterine sperm show angulation of the tail at the mid-/principal piece junction, bending into hairpin forms in the extreme, and often forming entangled sperm aggregates
• when uterine contents are flushed out with medium H330 and allowed to disperse, twice as many motile mutant sperm are in hairpin form, although no difference is observed in % motility relative to wild-type controls most of which have straight flagella
• at 1 hr postcoitum, hairpin forms are more predominant (80%) in motile than in immotile sperm
• at 4 hr postcoitum, only 16% of mutant uterine sperm exhibit straight tails vs 70% in wild-type sperm
• however, no significant differences in the osmotic pressure of uterine contents are observed at 1 hr or at 4 hrs postcoitum relative to wild-type controls, and mutant uterine sperm are still motile at 4 hrs (27.6 +/- 10.3%)
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• mutant sperm fail to migrate into the oviduct as a result of tail angulations that form entangled sperm masses and impaired flagellar vigor within the uterus
• sequential flushings of oviducts at 4 hrs after mating females with wild-type males contain sperm classified as free (591 +/- 119), loosely (371 +/- 70), and tightly (122 +/- 47) bound to the epithelium; in contrast, no mutant sperm are recovered from the oviduct or observed within the uterotubal junction
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• 1 hr postcoitum, mutant uterine sperm flushed out and allowed to disperse in medium H330 show a 54% and 37% reduction in straight-line (VSL) and curvilinear velocities (VCL), respectively, relative to wild-type values
• while the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) is also reduced, the beat cross frequency and linearity of the swim path remain unaffected
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