Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
|
• nickel-treated mice exhibit reduced mean survival time compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
homeostasis/metabolism
| N |
• mice exhibit normal sensitivity to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) treatment
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit a greater increase in histochemically reactive zinc compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine-treated mice develop tumors with less malignant potential than in similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:56770)
• treatment with zinc does not alter chemically-induced tumor formation unlike in wild-type mice
(J:56770)
• mice treated with high doses of cadmium exhibit decreased renal cadmium and zinc concentrations compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:126620)
|
|
• nickel-treated mice exhibit reduced mean survival time compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice
(J:89429)
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer GFAP+ astrocytes and lectin+ microglia than in wild-type mice most of which maintain pretreatment morphology
(J:89429)
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit a greater increase in histochemically reactive zinc compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:89429)
• mice treated with chronic high doses of cadmium exhibit enlarged kidneys and livers and increased renal injury compared with similarly treated wild-type mice as determined by increased urinary excretion of gamma-GT and glucose, blood urea nitrogen levels, severe proximal convoluted tubule atrophy and cystic dilation, chronic inflammation, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, extensive necrosis, apoptosis, tubular degeneration, dilated collecting tubules, glomerular swelling, and foci of microcalcification
(J:126620)
• however, cadmium-treated mice exhibit normal urinary excretion of protein and NAG
(J:126620)
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of weight, bone mass, ash weight, and calcium content at lower doses than similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:126420)
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis, thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis, thinning of metaphyseal cortical bone, and dilation of the haversian canals compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:126420)
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thinning of the femoral epiphyseal growth plate with expansion of the marrow on either side of the plate and extensive loss of the epiphyseal ossification zone unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:126420)
|
|
• BBN-treated mice develop more tumors with less malignant potential than similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• UVB-treated mice exhibit more sunburn cells and apoptotic cells compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
immune system
|
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• neutrophils are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of nickel-treated mice compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• ovalbumin-specific B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• circulatory B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• CD19+ B cells in the spleen are decreased 11% compared to in wild-type mice
|
|
• circulating T cells
|
|
• 20% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• untreated and ovalbumin-treated mice exhibit increased antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen compared with wild-type mice
|
|
• 9% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• 4% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• LPS- and Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in ovalbumin-treated mice
|
|
• in ovalbumin-treated mice
|
|
• mice exhibit increased humoral response to ovalbumin with increased levels of IgG and IgM compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in nickel-treated mice
|
renal/urinary system
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• severe proximal convoluted tubule atrophy in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• cystic dilation in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• tubular degeneration in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• foci of microcalcification in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• extensive necrosis in cadmium-treated mice
|
nervous system
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• mice have fewer GFAP+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer GFAP+ astrocytes than in wild-type mice, most of which maintain pretreatment morphology
|
|
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
behavior/neurological
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in a radial-arm maze, young mice exhibit lower average choice accuracy, reduced improvement in average choice accuracy, and increased response latencies during the acquisition period compared with wild-type mice
• in a radial-arm maze, nicotine-treated young male mice fail to exhibit an improvement in choice accuracy unlike similarly treated wild-type mice
• in a radial-arm maze, aged mice exhibit lower choice accuracy and increased latency compared with wild-type mice
• however, treatment of aged mice in a radial-arm maze with nicotine attenuates their choice accuracy and latency deficits
|
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
hematopoietic system
|
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• neutrophils are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of nickel-treated mice compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• ovalbumin-specific B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• circulatory B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice
• CD19+ B cells in the spleen are decreased 11% compared to in wild-type mice
|
|
• circulating T cells
|
|
• 20% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• untreated and ovalbumin-treated mice exhibit increased antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen compared with wild-type mice
|
|
• 9% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• 4% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen
|
|
• LPS- and Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in ovalbumin-treated mice
|
|
• in ovalbumin-treated mice
|
skeleton
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thinning of the femoral epiphyseal growth plate with expansion of the marrow on either side of the plate unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• extensively lost in cadmium-chloride-treated mice
|
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of bone calcium content than similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit dilation of the haversian canals with increased osteoid seams and rounded osteocytes compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit thinning of metaphyseal cortical bone
|
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of bone mass at lower doses than similarly treated wild-type mice
|
neoplasm
|
• BBN-treated mice develop more tumors with less malignant potential than similarly treated wild-type mice
|
liver/biliary system
|
• following partial hepatectomy compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy is decreased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
growth/size/body
weight loss
(
J:126420
)
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
reproductive system
|
• mice exhibit poor reproductive success due to high spontaneous embryo resorption ratio
|
respiratory system
|
• in nickel-treated mice
|
cellular
|
• mice have fewer GFAP+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer GFAP+ astrocytes than in wild-type mice, most of which maintain pretreatment morphology
|
|
• kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
|
• in cadmium-treated mice
|
|
• apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice
|
|
• following partial hepatectomy compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
• following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice
|
