Analysis Tools
muscle
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• anterograde shifts of the cranial and caudal borders of the multifidus muscles in 13 of 15 mice
• in 6 of 15 mice there is a unilateral or bilateral anterograde shift of the cranial multifidus border to C2 or C1 rather than T2
• results in the addition of new muscle segments with novel insertion sites craniad to T2
• posterograde shifts of the cranial multifidus border are also seen with cranial insertion points at only T6 or T9 rather than T2
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skeleton
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• fusions and bifurcations resulting in highly variable intercostal distances
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rib fusion
(
J:324821
)
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• widespread vertebral defects at almost all vertebral levels
• defects are more severe in the lumbar region than in the thoracic and cervical regions
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• fusions are seen
• however, the spinous process at T2 is present and distinct
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