homeostasis/metabolism
• heterozygotes display a >40% reduction of serum sulfate concentrations relative to wild-type littermates
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• heterozygotes show a 2- and >4-fold increase in serum levels of murocholic and taurocholic bile acids, respectively, relative to wild-type mice
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• heterozygotes display a higher fractional excretion index (FEI) for SO42- than wild-type mice
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• heterozygotes display a 1.4- to 1.7-fold increase in the level of phenol sulfotransferase (ST) activity relative to wild-type littermates
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renal/urinary system
• heterozygotes display a higher fractional excretion index (FEI) for SO42- than wild-type mice
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• heterozygotes show a ~50% reduction of Na+-dependent SO42- uptake in renal (and ileal) BBMVs relative to wild-type littermates
• in contrast, Na+-independent SO42- uptake and Na+-dependent glucose uptake remain unaffected relative to wild-type controls
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behavior/neurological
• at ~8 months of age, 5% of homozygotes exhibit spontaneous clonic seizures
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nervous system
• at ~8 months of age, 5% of homozygotes exhibit spontaneous clonic seizures
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