cardiovascular system
• at E9.5 the outflow tract is significantly shorter compared to controls and at an obtuse angle to the right ventricle
• defects in endothelial to mesenchymal transformation and in cardiac neural crest invasion
• decreased proliferation of ISL1 expressing cells
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• 75% of mice have heart defects, most of which are arterial pole abnormalities
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• seen in 3 of 13 mutants
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• decreased proliferation of ISL1 expressing cells in the second heart field
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• seen in 5 of 13 mutants
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• seen in 9 of 13 mutants
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• seen in 4 of 13 mutants
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