Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice die after the 37th week following treatment with MNU due to gastric tumors
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• when fed a high fat diet, mice do not gain as much weight as similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, when fed a high carbohydrate diet mice gain as much weight as wild-type mice and treatment with pioglitazone restores high fat diet-induced obesity
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• when fed a high fat diet compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with pioglitazone increases insulin levels when mice are fed a high fat diet
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• when fed a high fat diet, leptin serum levels are 1.8-fold higher than in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• when fed a high fat diet
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• when fed a high fat diet, mice exhibit insulin sensitivity instead of insulin resistance as do similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with pioglitazone decreases insulin sensitivity when mice are fed a high fat diet
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• mice die after the 37th week following treatment with MNU due to gastric tumors
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• following treatment with MNU, mice develop gastric cancer (in 17 of 19 mice) of with 1 is a carcinoma in, 15 are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, 1 is a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 is a lymphoma compared to similarly treated wild type mice that develop gastric carcinoma (in 5 of 9 mice) all of which are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas
• unlike in wild-type mice, treatment with troglitazone does no inhibit MNU-induced carcinogenesis
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• following pressure overload, mice exhibit increased cardiac hypertrophy and increased interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall thickness compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment of pressure overloaded mice with pioglitazone reduces cardiac hypertrophy
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skeleton
| N |
• despite increased osteoblast number and bone formation, osteoclast physiology is normal and mice exhibit normal bone loss following ovariectomy
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• osteoblastgenesis is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• in vitro, osteoblastgenesis from bone marrow progenitors is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, calvarial osteoblasts, which are more mature than bone marrow cells, exhibit normal morphology and physiology
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• at 8 weeks and 52 weeks of age, the number of adipocytes within the bone marrow is lower than in wild-type mice
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• the numbers of osteoblast surface and osteoid surface are doubled compared to in wild-type mice
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• at 8 weeks and 52 weeks of age, trabecular bone mass is increased 40% compared to in wild-type mice
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• bone formations is twice as much as in wild-type mice due to increased numbers of osteoblasts
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adipose tissue
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• when fed a high fat diet, brown adipose tissue mass is decreased 40% compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• when fed a high fat diet, mice exhibit a more than 70% inhibition in the increase in white adipose tissue mass observed similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, treatment with pioglitazone results in increased adipose tissue when fed a high fat diet
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• when fed a high fat diet, adipocyte size is less than in similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:58222)
• when fed a high fat diet, brown adipose tissue adipocytes are 36% smaller than in similarly treated wild-type mice
(J:58222)
• however, treatment with pioglitazone increases adipocyte size when mice are fed a high fat diet
(J:58222)
• at 8 weeks and 52 weeks of age, the number of adipocytes within the bone marrow is lower than in wild-type mice
(J:89250)
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cellular
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• 50% fewer embryonic fibroblasts differentiate into adipose cells compared to wild-type embryonic fibroblast cells
• however, pioglitazone partially rescued adipocyte differentiation
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• osteoblastgenesis is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• in vitro, osteoblastgenesis from bone marrow progenitors is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, calvarial osteoblasts, which are more mature than bone marrow cells, exhibit normal morphology and physiology
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behavior/neurological
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• when fed a high fat diet
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growth/size/body
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• when fed a high fat diet, mice do not gain as much weight as similarly treated wild-type mice
• however, when fed a high carbohydrate diet mice gain as much weight as wild-type mice and treatment with pioglitazone restores high fat diet-induced obesity
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liver/biliary system
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• when fed a high fat diet
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neoplasm
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• following treatment with MNU, mice develop gastric cancer (in 17 of 19 mice) of with 1 is a carcinoma in, 15 are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, 1 is a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 is a lymphoma compared to similarly treated wild type mice that develop gastric carcinoma (in 5 of 9 mice) all of which are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas
• unlike in wild-type mice, treatment with troglitazone does no inhibit MNU-induced carcinogenesis
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cardiovascular system
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• following treatment with STZ, mice exhibit a 2.1-fold increase in retinal leukostasis compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• following treatment with STZ, retinal leakage is increased 1.9-fold compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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immune system
leukostasis
(
J:116269
)
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• following treatment with STZ, mice exhibit a 2.1-fold increase in retinal leukostasis compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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• cultured bone marrow cells exhibit reduced adipogenesis but increased osteogenesis compared to wild-type cells
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vision/eye
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• following treatment with STZ, mice exhibit a 2.1-fold increase in retinal leukostasis compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
• following treatment with STZ, retinal leakage is increased 1.9-fold compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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hematopoietic system
leukostasis
(
J:116269
)
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• following treatment with STZ, mice exhibit a 2.1-fold increase in retinal leukostasis compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice
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