embryo
• some cilia are shorter and thicker
• most cilia have terminal bulges or balloon like structures
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• direction of turning is completely reversed in 18% (7 of 38) of embryos and partially reversed in an additional 4 embryos
• embryos with reversal of turning direction do not always also have reversal of the direction of heart looping
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5 - E10.5, about 40% of embryos show either completely reversed or ventral rather than horizontal looping
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cellular
• some cilia are shorter and thicker
• most cilia have terminal bulges or balloon like structures
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