cellular
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• instability is influenced by sex of transgenic parent, with overall bias toward intergenerational repeat expansion upon paternal transmission of transgene
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• mice show intergenerational instability of the GAA repeat sequence during transmission from parents to offspring through five to 8 generations
• F1 generation offspring do not display changes, but from the F2 generation onward, expansions or contractions are observed, increasing in size with subsequent backcrosses
• discreet bimodal expansions of the 82- and 190-GAA repeat units are observed in the F4-5 generations onward; large hyperexpansions as seen in human samples are not detected
• somatic instability is age-related, with very little or no instability observed at 2 months, but at 3 months, smears of expanding GAA repeats are detected in cerebellar hemisphere, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord tissue
• 6-month old mice show repeat instability in CNS tissues, but not significantly greater than observed at 3 months
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