Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• no viable embryos are observed past E11.0
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embryo
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• invasion of placenta by embryonic blood vessels does not occur; at E9.5 lack of fetal blood vessels in rudimentary labyrinth layer is shown by absence of VEGF signal
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• rudimentary vessels are seen between the parietal and visceral leaves of yolk sac; vessels are congested with nucleated embryonic blood cells
• vitelline artery is completely atretic
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• large vessels and extensive capillary network fail to develop in mutant yolk sac
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• at E9.5, placentas are hemorrhagic and edematous
• blood lacunae have ruptured causing massive hemorrhaging by E10.5
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• absent in some embryos after E8.25
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• hypoplastic in some embryos after E8.25
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• after E8.25, failure of embryo turning is observed
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• cephalic mesenchyme of E9.5 head folds has lower cell density and fewer capillaries than controls; cell density is result of increased cell death assayed by TUNEL staining and this apoptosis phenotype is limited to the E9.5 embryos
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• at E9.5 folds often display large cystic degenerations near dorsal aorta with some containing embryonic blood cells
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• defect in neural tube closure is observed after E8.25
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• misaligned and contorted along anterior/posterior axis of embryo at E9.25
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• somitogenesis is defective resulting in dimorphic protrusive somites at E9.5
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• less organized than in wild-type and contains larger number of abnormal (flt-1 negative) giant cells
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• diameter of placenta is smaller at E9.5
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• fusion is delayed in mutant conceptuses compared to controls, but occurs by E9.5
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cardiovascular system
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• at E8.5, vessel is thin and discontinuous especially in the anterior part
• at E9.5 lumen remains thin with intersomitic branches ending prematurely in the mesenchyme
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• invasion of placenta by embryonic blood vessels does not occur; at E9.5 lack of fetal blood vessels in rudimentary labyrinth layer is shown by absence of VEGF signal
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• rudimentary vessels are seen between the parietal and visceral leaves of yolk sac; vessels are congested with nucleated embryonic blood cells
• vitelline artery is completely atretic
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• large vessels and extensive capillary network fail to develop in mutant yolk sac
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• complete absence of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) staining is observed in mutant dorsal aorta and somites at E9.5
• strong ectopic VSMC signal is observed in head folds
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• at E9.5, placentas are hemorrhagic and edematous
• blood lacunae have ruptured causing massive hemorrhaging by E10.5
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craniofacial
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• absent in some embryos after E8.25
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• hypoplastic in some embryos after E8.25
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muscle
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• complete absence of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) staining is observed in mutant dorsal aorta and somites at E9.5
• strong ectopic VSMC signal is observed in head folds
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nervous system
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• defect in neural tube closure is observed after E8.25
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growth/size/body
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• cephalic mesenchyme of E9.5 head folds has lower cell density and fewer capillaries than controls; cell density is result of increased cell death assayed by TUNEL staining and this apoptosis phenotype is limited to the E9.5 embryos
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