Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• 15% of homozygotes die before 3 months of age and 47% die by 6 months
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• proportion of pituitary gland area to whole brain area is reduced as compared to wild-type at 4 weeks, however, size difference disappears by adulthood
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• corpora lutea is absent in 6 week old and 4 month old females, however, pre-antral, antral and Graffian follicles appear normal
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• atrophy is observed in Sertoli cells at 4 months
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• atrophy is observed in Leydig cells at 4 months
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growth/size/body
short snout
(
J:134371
)
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• snub nose is visible by four months of age
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• significant increase in percentage of lean mass at 5-6 months as compared to wild-type
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• after weaning weight gain is slower than in wild-type
• homozygotes do not exhibit juvenile growth spurt
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adipose tissue
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• significant decrease in percentage of body fat at 5-6 months as compared to wild-type
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craniofacial
short snout
(
J:134371
)
|
• snub nose is visible by four months of age
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• following injection of exogenous gonadotropin in 12-14 week old mice, testosterone levels are lower than adult wild-type and similar to prepubertal wild-type
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• following injection of exogenous gonadotropin in 12-14 week old mice, estradiol levels are lower than adult wild-type and similar to prepubertal wild-type
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• following injection of exogenous gonadotropin in 12-14 week old mice, progesterone levels are lower than adult wild-type and similar to prepubertal wild-type
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vision/eye
exophthalmos
(
J:134371
)
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• protuberant eyes are observed by four months of age
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skeleton
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• bone mineral content is reduced in comparison to wild-type, however density is not reduced
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reproductive system
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• number of spermatids is reduced in 4 month old mice, but not in 6 week old mice
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• atrophy is observed in spermatogonia at 4 months
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• corpora lutea is absent in 6 week old and 4 month old females, however, pre-antral, antral and Graffian follicles appear normal
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• atrophy is observed in Sertoli cells at 4 months
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• atrophy is observed in Leydig cells at 4 months
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• following injection of exogenous gonadotropin in 12-14 week old mice, vaginal opening is observed in 100% of prepubertal wild-type and 80% of adult homozygotes, however, the condition is pre-existing in wild-type 12-14 week old mice
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anovulation
(
J:134371
)
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• females are anovulatory
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• following injection of PMSG and hCG at 6 weeks follicular growth to the Graffian stage is induced, but full luteinization of thecal cells does not occur and no corpora lutea are formed
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• female homozygote matings to wild-type males fail to produce offspring
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• occasionally homozygote males crossed to heterozygote or wild-type females produce offspring
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nervous system
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• proportion of pituitary gland area to whole brain area is reduced as compared to wild-type at 4 weeks, however, size difference disappears by adulthood
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cellular
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• number of spermatids is reduced in 4 month old mice, but not in 6 week old mice
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• atrophy is observed in spermatogonia at 4 months
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