mortality/aging
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• mice die at day 20 to 30 of unidentified causes
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nervous system
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• the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum exhibit defects
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• the cortical marginal zone is occupied with many cells unlike in wild-type mice
• the intermediate plexiform zone proximal to the pial surface contains ectopic nerve tracts
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• only two or three wavy lamina form
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• the granule cells in the dentate gyrus are disorganized
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• the six layers of the cerebral cortex are disorganized
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• the Purkinje cell layers are organized into internal clusters
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• the cerebellar granule cells are found in a less organized layer than in wild-type mice and are excluded from the external limits of the cerebellum by a thin molecular layer
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• the cerebellum is one fifth the size of that in normal mice
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behavior/neurological
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• mice display ataxia that is characterized by frequent loss of balance, tremulous locomotion, tendency to drag hind limbs and hyperextension of the tail
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• ataxic mice often display hyperextension of the tail
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