Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• plasma APOA1 and APOA2 concentrations are approximately 2 fold lower than in wild-type controls on a normal diet, and the Apoa1 mRNA level in intestine is diminished relative to wild-type, although liver expression of Apoa1 is comparable with wild-type
• the production rate of APOA1 is diminished, but the fractional catabolic rate is comparable to wild-type
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• plasma total cholesterol levels are significantly lower in both male and female homozygotes than in wild-type controls
• although cholesterol levels increase on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes still have lower plasma cholesterol than wild-type controls also fed this diet
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• plasma HDL cholesterol level is significantly lower in both male and female homozygotes than in wild-type controls, and females have significantly lower plasma HDL level than males both for the homozygous and wild-type data sets. This is true even on an atherogenic diet.
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cardiovascular system
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• the atherosclerotic lesions induced in homozygotes by 9 weeks of an atherosclerotic diet have a 6 fold greater area in female homozygotes and a 7.5 fold greater area in male homozygotes than those in wild-type controls on the same diet
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• Although homozygotes fed a normal diet do not display abnormal atherosclerotic lesions, 9 weeks of an atherosclerotic diet induces exaggerated altherosclerotic lesions compared with wild-type controls on the atherosclerotic diet
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• significantly increased in the ischemic leg 28 days after femoral artery ligature
• 80% rise in vascular density relative to controls
• 3 fold increase in capillary density relative to controls
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• 80mmHg vs 87mmHg for controls
• phenylephrine causes less blood pressure increase than in controls
• acetyl choline causes less blood pressure decrease than in controls
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• contractions of the mesenteric artery induced by phenylephrin or serotonin are less than in controls
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• blood flow induced dilation of the mesenteric artery is less than for controls
• endothelium-dependent and independent dilation is reduced
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immune system
| N |
• white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts are not significantly different between homozygotes and wild-type controls
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thymus atrophy
(
J:2228
)
spleen atrophy
(
J:2228
)
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• abnormal immune responses
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• levels are elevated in unsensitized mice
• OVA sensitization causes an additional elevation in IgE levels
• OVA challenge of sensitized mice causes a very great increase in IgE levels
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• LPS stimulated macrophage produce 2 fold more IL-1 relative to macrophage of controls
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• LPS stimulated macrophage produce 2 fold more IL-1 relative to macrophage of controls
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• OVA sensitized and challenged mice experience less infiltration of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells into peribronchiolar and perivascular regions of the lungs
• less alveolar infiltration as well
• less increase of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage
• less increase of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
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nervous system
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• individual olivary subnuclei are poorly defined relative to controls
(J:20982)
• definition of subnuclei is better in 21 day old mice but regresses in adults
(J:20982)
• olivary dendrites tend to be multipolar and well branched
(J:20982)
• number of neurons drops 30% within 3 days of birth and continues to decline for 2 months
(J:20982)
• number of neurons in adults is decreased 60% relative to newborns
(J:20982)
• adult cell bodies are smaller than in newborns
(J:20982)
• inferior olive extends further dorsally in the midline
(J:28468)
• decreased cell density
(J:28468)
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• embryonic, high sialic acid forms of N-CAM persist on cell surfaces to 14 and 21 days of age
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reproductive system
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• vaginal opening averaged 35 days (never earlier than 31 days) while controls averaged 28 days (earliest 26 days)
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• irregular cycles
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• onset of estrus at 45 days vs 40 days for controls
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• prolonged vaginal estrus relative to controls
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• some couples receiving vestibular stimulation mated between the ages of 36 and 89 days of age
• no unstimulated couples mated
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• no females mate before 2.5 months of age
• females sexual activity decreases after 4.5 months
• only one of 10 females still mating at 6 months of age
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behavior/neurological
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• higher latency to escape at all time tested using two types of water maze
• less age related degradation in latency to escape although it is always greater than in controls
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• females from heterozygous parents fail to nurture pups to weaning
• females from selected homozygous lineages sometimes (9/14) raise pups to weaning although growth rate of pups is lower than normal
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• vestibular stimulation improves the ability of males to mate with experienced females
(J:14535)
• one to two months of social isolation results in increased mounting behavior when a receptive female is encountered
(J:26698)
• successful mating occurs from 35-160 days after the end of male isolation
(J:26698)
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respiratory system
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• OVA sensitized and challenged mice experience less infiltration of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells into peribronchiolar and perivascular regions of the lungs
• less alveolar infiltration as well
• less increase of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage
• less increase of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
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• less mucous cell hyperplasia in airways after OVA exposure of sensitized mice
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• lung resistance in response to methacholine challenge of OVA exposed mice fails to increase
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taste/olfaction
| N |
• male mice are able to distinguish between the vaginal secretions of estrus and non-estrus females
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• aversive threshold concentration for butanol is increased
(J:39053)
• attractive threshold concentration for vanillin is increased
(J:39053)
• amyl alchohol odor induced evoked field potential shows an increased latency preceding the functional response of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb
(J:107925)
• N1 and N2 response amplitudes of the evoked field potential are significantly reduced
(J:107925)
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hematopoietic system
thymus atrophy
(
J:2228
)
spleen atrophy
(
J:2228
)
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• levels are elevated in unsensitized mice
• OVA sensitization causes an additional elevation in IgE levels
• OVA challenge of sensitized mice causes a very great increase in IgE levels
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• LPS stimulated macrophage produce 2 fold more IL-1 relative to macrophage of controls
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muscle
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• contractions of the mesenteric artery induced by phenylephrin or serotonin are less than in controls
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• blood flow induced dilation of the mesenteric artery is less than for controls
• endothelium-dependent and independent dilation is reduced
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endocrine/exocrine glands
thymus atrophy
(
J:2228
)
