mortality/aging
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• all mutants subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AbAC) die within 2 days whereas controls survive
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cardiovascular system
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• hearts from non-stressed 4-5 month old males, but not females, show increased fibrosis as indicated by Trichrome staining; fibrosis is both interstitial and perivascular
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• seen in non-stressed 4-5 month old males
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• hearts from both 4-5 month old males and females exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and glucose oxidation
• palmitate oxidation rates in male and female hearts are reduced by 52 and 40%, respectively, indicating reduction in fatty acid utilization
• heart uptake of VLDL triglycerides is decreased by 49% and uptake of palmitate, a free fatty acid, is increased by 56% in females
• male, but not female, hearts show a reduction in cardiac power
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• myocardial basal glucose uptake is increased 5.5-fold
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• 6-month old mutants exhibit an increase in left ventricular systolic dimension and a decrease in fractional shortening under basal conditions
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• mutants subjected to abdominal aortic constriction exhibit an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure that is not observed in banded controls
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• mutants subjected to abdominal aortic constriction exhibit a greater increase in left ventricular systolic pressure than banded controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• 4 month old females show elevated plasma triglyceride levels, however plasma cholesterol, free fatty acid, and glucose levels are normal
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• hearts from both 4-5 month old males and females exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and glucose oxidation
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muscle
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• myocardial basal glucose uptake is increased 5.5-fold
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• 6-month old mutants exhibit an increase in left ventricular systolic dimension and a decrease in fractional shortening under basal conditions
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cellular
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• seen in non-stressed 4-5 month old males
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• myocardial basal glucose uptake is increased 5.5-fold
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