mortality/aging
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• 5% of surviving pups die within 6 weeks of birth; the remaining 40% with near wild-type levels of Foxf1a expression have normal lifespans
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• 55% of newborns with lower than expected levels of Foxf1a expression die of severe lung hemorrhage within several hours of birth
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respiratory system
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• at P0 but not E18 in mice that exhibit neonatal lethality, severe lung hemorrhage is seen
• red blood cells are detected in peripheral airspaces and in bronchioles
• lung hemorrhage is coincident with disruption of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell interfaces in the alveolar and bronchiolar regions
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• apoptotic cells are seen throughout the lung parenchyma, in smooth muscle cells underlying the bronchiolar epithelium, and in arterial smooth muscle cells in mice that exhibit pulmonary hemorrhage
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• impaired development of the alveolar capillaries is observed at birth
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• in mice that exhibit neonatal lethality, sacculation of the lung periphery is reduced indicating a failure to undergo differentiation of the terminal airspaces; a less severe defect in septation of the lung periphery is seen in surviving mice
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• reduced sacculation of the lung periphery in mice that exhibit neonatal lethality
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• neonates that die shortly after birth have breathing difficulties
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• reduced surfactant protein B (SP-B) expression in mice that exhibit neonatal lethality
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cardiovascular system
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• impaired development of the alveolar capillaries is observed at birth
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• at P0 but not E18 in mice that exhibit neonatal lethality, severe lung hemorrhage is seen
• red blood cells are detected in peripheral airspaces and in bronchioles
• lung hemorrhage is coincident with disruption of the mesenchymal-epithelial cell interfaces in the alveolar and bronchiolar regions
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