immune system

abnormal macrophage physiology ( J:88996 )

• poor activation of macrophage by Leishmania major

• higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines secreted at 4 weeks after infection with Leishmania major than in controls

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection ( J:51522 , J:88996 )

• response to endotoxin (LPS) prevented (J:51522)

• Leishmania major parasitic loads significantly higher than controls starting 24 hours after infection and persisting to 11 weeks after infection when controls are free of parasites (J:88996)

behavior/neurological

hyporesponsive to tactile stimuli ( J:97819 )

• attenuated mechanical allodynia after nerve injury

increased thermal nociceptive threshold ( J:97819 )

• attenuated response to heat

nervous system

abnormal glial cell physiology ( J:97819 )

• glial activation after nerve injury reduced

cardiovascular system

decreased response of heart to induced stress ( J:106358 )

• exhibit reduced cardiac hypertrophy following pressure overload compared to controls

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased susceptibility to injury ( J:97819 )

• reduced spinal expression of TNF alpha, IFN gamma, IL-6 and IL-1 after injury