behavior/neurological
• impaired spatial memory recall after partial cue removal but not under full cue conditions in the Morris water maze and mutants exhibited normal motivation, motor coordination and sensory functions
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nervous system
• CA1 pyramidal cells showed a significant decrease in complex spike bursting properties (complex spike index and burst spike frequency) when mutants were engaged in open-field foraging
• CA1 cells showed significant reductions in burst spike frequency, place field size and integrated firing rate after partial cue removal, however showed no significant changes when mutants were returned to an environment with all the distal cues present
• decreased firing rate of putative CA1 interneurons
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• the 6-cyano-7-dinitroquinoxalline-2,3-dione (DNQX)-insensitive component of the NMDA current was significantly reduced at the recurrent commissural/associational synapse relative to controls
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• long term potentiation was nearly absent at the commissural/associational (CA)-CA3 synapses in 9/11 mutants
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