mortality/aging
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• 30% of mutants died one week after TAC induced pressure overload compared to 8% in controls
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cardiovascular system
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• heart was larger than in controls after TAC induced pressure overload or adrenergic stimulation
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• heart weight, left ventricle weight, and average ratio of left ventricle weight to tibial length or body weight were significantly greater than in controls after TAC induced pressure overload, however no difference in cardiomyocyte cell area was observed
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• observed intermuscular and perivascular fibrosis in mutants compared to only slight perivascular fibrosis in controls after TAC induced pressure overload
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• mice exhibit normal cardiac function and structure under baseline conditions, however cardiac contractility was significantly reduced after thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced pressure overload and chronic adrenergic stimulation
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• increased left ventricle end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters compared to controls after TAC induced pressure overload
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• after TAC induced pressure overload, exhibit greater increases in mortality, heart size and weight, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased cardiac contractility compared to controls
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muscle
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• mice exhibit normal cardiac function and structure under baseline conditions, however cardiac contractility was significantly reduced after thoracic transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced pressure overload and chronic adrenergic stimulation
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• increased left ventricle end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters compared to controls after TAC induced pressure overload
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• the number of apoptotic cardiac myocytes was 3.7 times that in controls after TAC induced pressure overload and was also increased in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• after TAC induced pressure overload, exhibit greater increases in mortality, heart size and weight, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased cardiac contractility compared to controls
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cellular
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• the number of apoptotic cardiac myocytes was 3.7 times that in controls after TAC induced pressure overload and was also increased in response to chronic adrenergic stimulation
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growth/size/body
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• heart was larger than in controls after TAC induced pressure overload or adrenergic stimulation
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• heart weight, left ventricle weight, and average ratio of left ventricle weight to tibial length or body weight were significantly greater than in controls after TAC induced pressure overload, however no difference in cardiomyocyte cell area was observed
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