mortality/aging
|
• no double knockout mice are born
|
cellular
|
• higher frequency of cytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles
• frequently found in vascular endothelium,Schwann cells, neuroepithelium, hepatocytes and fibroblasts during starvation
• lysosomes with decreased density
• massive accumulation of cholesterol containing vescilcels in the cytoplasm
|
craniofacial
|
• variable pattern of defects from relatively normal to complex
|
short maxilla
(
J:92521
)
|
|
micrognathia
(
J:92521
)
|
• reduced length of maxillary and mandibular portions of jaws
|
skeleton
short maxilla
(
J:92521
)
|
|
micrognathia
(
J:92521
)
|
• reduced length of maxillary and mandibular portions of jaws
|
nervous system
|
• foreshortened forebrain
|
integument
|
• anlagen of vibrissae are absent
|
growth/size/body