mortality/aging
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• Background Sensitivity: all heterozygotes die by P9 with most dying in the first 2 days after birth
• Background Sensitivity: in contrast 10% - 20% of heterozygotes survive on a mixed 129/Sv, C57BL/6J and CD1 background
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cellular
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• abnormal imprinting occurs with mice receiving the maternal allele having a normal phenotype while mice receiving the paternal allele have a wide range of phenotype abnormalities
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adipose tissue
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• lipid vesicles are almost completely absent
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• lipid vesicles are almost completely absent
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• the interscapular fat pad is decreased by 48 hours after birth
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behavior/neurological
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• reduced suckling is seen resulting in a 50% reduction in the stomach weight to body weight ratio
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• mutants are inactive
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growth/size/body
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• weight gain is slow
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• blood glucose levels are severely reduced
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• glucagon levels are decreased despite the decreased glucose levels
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• blood insulin levels are severely reduced and often undetectable
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