Analysis Tools
normal phenotype
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• mutant mice are born at the expected Mendelian frequency and survive to adulthood in the absence of health problems
• at 6 weeks of age, mutants exhibit normal cardiac anatomy and weight, with no significant changes in histology of the right and left ventricular wall and interventricular septum relative to control mice
• when subjected to echocardiography, anesthetized 10-week-old male mutants exhibit normal cardiac contractility (as measured by peak velocity of left outflow tract (Vp), aortic velocity time integral, ejection time, and heart rate) relative to control mice
• surprisingly, in response to cardiac stress induced by 10-day infusion of angiotensin II or isoproterenol, male mutants display hypertrophic and contractile responses similar to those observed in control mice
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