Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• only 3 of 20 males survived to 2 years of age
• majority of female null littermates survived to this point, having a similar survival rate as wild-type controls
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• fewer than expected number of homozygous mutant pups at birth
• fewer male pups than female, indicating possible selection against male embryos during gestation
• analysis of midgestation embryos failed to show any obvious developmental abnormalities in null mice, authors suggest this may be the result of a portion of the males succumbing to early embryonic defects
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cellular
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• reduced numbers produced over time, authors suggest as a result of inability to maintain spermatogenesis
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• stimulation with LPS resulted in less robust response than wild-type controls
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• stimulation with either anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 or PHA resulted in reduced response compared to wild-type controls
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endocrine/exocrine glands
small thymus
(
J:74284
)
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• some older animals showed reduced thymus size and loss of normal architecture
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• extensive vacuolization, loss of normal cellular architecture, and sometimes, absence of mature spermatozoa
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small testis
(
J:74284
)
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growth/size/body
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• males only
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• myeloid and plasmactyic hyperplasia
• hyperplasia was sometimes accompanied by loss of normal splenic architecture
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hematopoietic system
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• stimulation with LPS resulted in less robust response than wild-type controls
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• stimulation with either anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 or PHA resulted in reduced response compared to wild-type controls
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small thymus
(
J:74284
)
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• some older animals showed reduced thymus size and loss of normal architecture
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• myeloid and plasmactyic hyperplasia
• hyperplasia was sometimes accompanied by loss of normal splenic architecture
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• increased numbers
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• decreased numbers
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immune system
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• stimulation with LPS resulted in less robust response than wild-type controls
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• stimulation with either anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 or PHA resulted in reduced response compared to wild-type controls
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small thymus
(
J:74284
)
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• some older animals showed reduced thymus size and loss of normal architecture
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• myeloid and plasmactyic hyperplasia
• hyperplasia was sometimes accompanied by loss of normal splenic architecture
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• increased numbers
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• decreased numbers
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• lymph nodes hyperplastic, with infiltration by macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils
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• organs of older animals showed increased inflammation, particularly in those animals with skin lesions
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• increased mortality after infection with mouse-adapted pathogenic influenza virus
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reproductive system
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• reduced numbers produced over time, authors suggest as a result of inability to maintain spermatogenesis
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• extensive vacuolization, loss of normal cellular architecture, and sometimes, absence of mature spermatozoa
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small testis
(
J:74284
)
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• atrophic
• irregular tubules, with abnormal architecture
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• few males succeeded in producing offspring
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integument
skin lesions
(
J:74284
)
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• 5% of animals showed ulcerated skin lesions
• 25% of older mice had fluid-filled neck abscesses
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