Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• adult male heterozygotes exhibit Cowper's gland hyperplasia, local atrophy, ductal transformation and cystic dilation
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• heterozygores are viable and fertile; however, some male heterozygotes develop palpable cysts in the perineal/scrotal region (9 cysts in 21 males; 1-2 cysts per animal)
• young (2-4-mo-old) males have small, externally non-visible cysts
• older (>7-mo-old) males exhibit large, fluid-filled cysts located deep to the pelvic floor, dorso-laterally of the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles (Cowper's syringoceles), suggesting impaired epithelial-stromal interactions
• the cellular lining of the cyst wall exhibits heterogeneity of the epithelial lining ranging from single layered squamous epithelium to multilayered glandular structures covering papillary folds
• severely hyperplastic cells from the cyst wall exhibit extreme overload of polymorphic secretory material; stratified epithelium from the cyst wall is devoid of any signs of secretion
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• adult male heterozygotes exhibit glandular hyperplasia of Cowper's gland with thickening of the surrounding muscular capsule
• the hyperplastic glandular epithelium is multilayered with large foamy or vacuolated cells and irregular nuclear structure and position
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• male heterozygotes exhibit coagulating gland hyperplasia
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• hyperplastic Cowper's glands exhibit an ~80% reduction in apoptotic cell death relative to wild-type glands
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reproductive system
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• adult male heterozygotes exhibit Cowper's gland hyperplasia, local atrophy, ductal transformation and cystic dilation
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• heterozygores are viable and fertile; however, some male heterozygotes develop palpable cysts in the perineal/scrotal region (9 cysts in 21 males; 1-2 cysts per animal)
• young (2-4-mo-old) males have small, externally non-visible cysts
• older (>7-mo-old) males exhibit large, fluid-filled cysts located deep to the pelvic floor, dorso-laterally of the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles (Cowper's syringoceles), suggesting impaired epithelial-stromal interactions
• the cellular lining of the cyst wall exhibits heterogeneity of the epithelial lining ranging from single layered squamous epithelium to multilayered glandular structures covering papillary folds
• severely hyperplastic cells from the cyst wall exhibit extreme overload of polymorphic secretory material; stratified epithelium from the cyst wall is devoid of any signs of secretion
|
|
|
• adult male heterozygotes exhibit glandular hyperplasia of Cowper's gland with thickening of the surrounding muscular capsule
• the hyperplastic glandular epithelium is multilayered with large foamy or vacuolated cells and irregular nuclear structure and position
|
|
|
• male heterozygotes exhibit coagulating gland hyperplasia
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|
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• hyperplastic Cowper's glands exhibit an ~80% reduction in apoptotic cell death relative to wild-type glands
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• male heterozygotes show a reduced yield of spermatogenesis
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• male heterozygotes display malformed spermatozoa
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cellular
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• male heterozygotes display malformed spermatozoa
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growth/size/body
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• heterozygores are viable and fertile; however, some male heterozygotes develop palpable cysts in the perineal/scrotal region (9 cysts in 21 males; 1-2 cysts per animal)
• young (2-4-mo-old) males have small, externally non-visible cysts
• older (>7-mo-old) males exhibit large, fluid-filled cysts located deep to the pelvic floor, dorso-laterally of the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles (Cowper's syringoceles), suggesting impaired epithelial-stromal interactions
• the cellular lining of the cyst wall exhibits heterogeneity of the epithelial lining ranging from single layered squamous epithelium to multilayered glandular structures covering papillary folds
• severely hyperplastic cells from the cyst wall exhibit extreme overload of polymorphic secretory material; stratified epithelium from the cyst wall is devoid of any signs of secretion
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