Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• most homozygous animals die within 10 days of birth and the remainder die by 3 weeks of age
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growth/size/body
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• delayed opening and flattening of the ears after birth
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• growth is significantly impaired compared to controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
| N |
• blood chemistry measurments for glucose, electrolytes, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin are similar to controls
• urine chemistry measurments for glucose, electrolytes, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, and creatinine are similar to controls
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immune system
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• inflamed urinary bladder
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• urine is sometimes cloudy with a dense accumulation of bacteria and white blood cells
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behavior/neurological
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• no contraction in response to light
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muscle
| N |
• smooth muscle contraction in the urinary bladder can be induced with the muscarinic agonist CCH suggesting normal muscle function
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• reduced intestinal motility
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nervous system
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• profiles of current recordings from nicotine-elicited superior cervial ganglion neurons show no that nicotine does not elicit inward currents at any concentration tested, wheras robust inward currents are seen in controls
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• profiles of current recordings from nicotine-elicited superior cervial ganglion neurons show no that nicotine does not elicit inward currents at any concentration tested, wheras robust inward currents are seen in controls
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renal/urinary system
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• necrotic mucosa observed in 3 of 4 mice examined
• bladder mucosa was dysplastic with malignant characteristics in 2 of 4 mice examined
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• in older animals, the bladder often contains numerous urinary stones
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• distended bladders are seen in 3 of 7 mice
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• nicotine failed to elicit contraction in bladder strips whereas contraction was easily induced in controls
(J:73590)
• contractile responses to nicotine in bladder strips from 2- to 5-day-old mutant mice are severely attenuated
(J:102601)
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• inflamed urinary bladder
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• wetness of the genital area is noted; chronic urinary dribbling is observed throughout life
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vision/eye
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• no contraction in response to light
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• small palpebral fissures
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• eyes remain closed after postnatal day 15
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craniofacial
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• delayed opening and flattening of the ears after birth
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• delayed opening and flattening of the ears after birth
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digestive/alimentary system
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• reduced intestinal motility
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integument
