Analysis Tools
cellular
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• reduced sperm concentration at 1 year of age
• normal sperm concentration at 15 weeks of age
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• decreased sperm motility evident at 15 weeks of age and more severe at 1 year of age
• fertilization was possible in vitro at 15 weeks of age, but not at 1 year of age
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growth/size/body
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• increase in incidence of hemorrhagic cysts when fed a soy-free diet
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• the increase in fat mass is accompanied by a decrease in lean mass
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• females are heavier starting at 3 months of age, while males show an increase in weight beginning at 1 year of age
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• at 1 year of age
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adipose tissue
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• progressively accumulate more intraabdominal adipose tissue than wild-type
• increased adiposity is not due to hyperphagia or reduced resting energy expenditure
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• increase in adipocyte volume and size in gonadal fat pads over time
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• both males and females have significantly larger gonadal fat pads from 3-4 months of age onward
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• both males and females have significantly larger infrarenal fat pads from 3-4 months of age onward
• administration of exogenous 17beta-estradiol to females for 21 days restores the fat deposits to masses comparable to wild-type
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• seen in mutants at 3-4 months and 1 year of age
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• seen in mutants at 1 year of age, but not at 3-4 moths of age
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• seen in mutants at 1 year of age, but not at 3-4 moths of age
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• circulating triglyceride levels are elevated in 1 year old males but not in females
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• glucose oxidation rates are 59% lower than in wild-type, however resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates are normal
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• seen in male mutants at 1 year of age, but not at 3-4 moths of age
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liver/biliary system
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• at 1 year of age
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• accumulation of lipid droplets in the livers at 3 months and 1 year of age
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pale liver
(
J:65805
)
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• at 1 year of age
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behavior/neurological
bradykinesia
(
J:65805
)
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• older females exhibit reduced spontaneous physical activity
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• males at 12 to 14 weeks of age and at 1 year of age demonstrated impaired mounting behavior
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reproductive system
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• decreased sperm motility evident at 15 weeks of age and more severe at 1 year of age
• fertilization was possible in vitro at 15 weeks of age, but not at 1 year of age
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• the ovaries of mice on a soy free diet exhibit seminiferous tubule-like structures throughout 80% of ovaries, hemorrhagic cysts, and age dependent increase in collagen deposition
• in constrast, animals fed a soy diet do not display Sertoli-like cells in follicles
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• ovaries lack corpora lutea when mice are fed a soy-free diet
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• on a soy-free diet, mature follicles appear atretic; uneven granulose cell layers and cellular debris within antral compartments
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• ovaries of 16-18 week old mice on a soy-free diet show a near-complete block in folliculogenesis at the primordial or primary stage
• normal follicular morphology is partly restored by estradiol treatment
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• absence of healthy antral follicles when fed a soy-free diet
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• increase in incidence of hemorrhagic cysts when fed a soy-free diet
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• decreased number of round spermatids and/or spermatocytes at 3.5 months of age
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• reduced sperm concentration at 1 year of age
• normal sperm concentration at 15 weeks of age
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• on a soy free diet, the ovaries develop cells that possess structural and functional characteristics of testicular interstitial (Leydig) cells and of seminiferous tubule-like structures lined with Sertoli cells
• the development of testicular tissue is postponed and reduced with estrogen replacement
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• at 3.5 months of age, males sired fewer litters than wild-type, with 50% siring no litters at all
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• following accoustic trauma, mice exhibit a greater shift in brainstem auditory evoked potential compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• the ovaries of mice on a soy free diet exhibit seminiferous tubule-like structures throughout 80% of ovaries, hemorrhagic cysts, and age dependent increase in collagen deposition
• in constrast, animals fed a soy diet do not display Sertoli-like cells in follicles
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• ovaries lack corpora lutea when mice are fed a soy-free diet
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|
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• on a soy-free diet, mature follicles appear atretic; uneven granulose cell layers and cellular debris within antral compartments
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|
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• ovaries of 16-18 week old mice on a soy-free diet show a near-complete block in folliculogenesis at the primordial or primary stage
• normal follicular morphology is partly restored by estradiol treatment
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• absence of healthy antral follicles when fed a soy-free diet
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• increase in incidence of hemorrhagic cysts when fed a soy-free diet
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