Phenotypes Associated with This Genotype

Genotype
MGI:2656754

• Allelic Composition: Ctnnb1^Bfc/Ctnnb1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: BALB/cCrl * C3H/HeNCrl

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

craniofacial

broad head ( J:63816 , J:209611 )

• broad face (J:63816)

• the anteroposterior axis was significantly shortened, whereas the dorsoventral and medial-lateral axes were enlarged (J:209611)

vision/eye

ocular hypertelorism ( J:63816 )

• wide-spaced eyes

growth/size/body

broad head ( J:63816 , J:209611 )

• broad face (J:63816)

• the anteroposterior axis was significantly shortened, whereas the dorsoventral and medial-lateral axes were enlarged (J:209611)

nervous system

increased brain size ( J:209611 )

• gray matter and total brain volumes were significantly larger in Bfc/+ (P < 0.05; 1-way ANOVA)

decreased corpus callosum size ( J:209611 )

• the corpus callosum appeared to be severely underdeveloped in 3 Bfc/+ individuals, and lacked any inter-hemispheric extensions

abnormal globus pallidus morphology ( J:209611 )

• globus pallidus is slightly, but significantly, larger in Bfc/+

increased striatum size ( J:209611 )

• striatum is slightly, but significantly, larger in Bfc/+

enlarged thalamus ( J:209611 )

• thalamus is slightly, but significantly, larger in Bfc/+

abnormal hippocampus neuron morphology ( J:209611 )

• the length and number of neurites were significantly increased after only 1 day in culture

• after 8 days in culture, the extent of dendritic branching in heterozygous neurons was dramatically lower than in controls

small olfactory bulb ( J:209611 )

• mutants showed substantially reduced cerebellar and olfactory bulb volumes compared with controls

small cerebellum ( J:209611 )

• mutants showed substantially reduced cerebellar and olfactory bulb volumes compared with controls

abnormal synaptic vesicle clustering ( J:209611 )

• heterozygotes, a lower density of docked synaptic vesicles (SV) in cortex and in hippocampus CA1 region is seen

reduced long-term potentiation ( J:209611 )

• long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by either tetanic or theta-burst stimulation was significantly reduced in hippocampus CA1 slices from heterozygous mice

decreased prepulse inhibition ( J:209611 )

• heterozygous mice mice show significant PPI deficits but acoustic startle response is comparable to controls

behavior/neurological

impaired contextual conditioning behavior ( J:209611 )

• freezing behavior in heterozygous mice using a standard fear conditioning protocol for contextual memory is significantly lower than that of littermate controls, suggesting that mutants have a reduced capacity to recall the previous shock exposure

abnormal operant conditioning behavior ( J:209611 )

• for trials in which rewards are given after a light event, responses increase significantly during the expected time interval in control mice, but not in heterozygous mutants

• in probe trials where no reward is given, responses of heterozygous mutant mice during the critical time window is significantly lower than littermate controls

abnormal spatial reference memory ( J:209611 )

• control animals improve performance with repeated trials in the hidden platform variation of the water maze test, but heterozygous mutant mice did not improve

impaired coordination ( J:209611 )

• heterozygous mice show a significantly shorter latency period before falling from the rod in a challenging rotarod test incorporaing 6 consecutive accelerating stages in a single session; no differences are seen in a standard rotarod test

abnormal vocalization ( J:209611 )

• heterozygous pups exhibit a significant reduction in the total number of vocalizations with more of these calls characterized by a single component compared to controls