mortality/aging
• unlike Thbdtm2Rdr homozygotes which are completely resorbed by E9.5, double homozygotes are recovered as late as E10.5
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embryo
• double homozygotes exhibit embryonic growth arrest at E8.5
• inhibition of fibrinolysis with tranexamic acid has the same effect as complete elimination of fibrinogen and results in recovery of growth-arrested embryos at E9.5
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• double homozygotes display a proliferation defect in trophoblast cells of the ectoplacental cone
• similarly, inhibition of fibrinolysis with tranexamic acid fails to augment proliferation of ectoplacental trophoblast cells
• in contrast, both the absence of fibrinogen and inhibition of fibrinolysis prevents DNA fragmentation in trophoblast giant cells, as detected by TUNEL assay
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