mortality/aging
• animals die immediately after birth
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growth/size/body
• rounded, curled appearance at birth
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nervous system
• reduced frequency (about 15% of controls) of spontaneous miniature excitatory currents in hippocampal neurons
• single neurons stimulated at 1 Hz exhibit only rare synaptic events with small amplitudes corresponding to minis; even at high frequencies, only erratic events occur that are not completely synchronous with the stimulation
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• spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion and fusion induced by hypertonic sucrose is decreased about 10-fold and fast calcium-triggered fusion is decreased more than 100-fold, indicating that neurotransmitter release is operational but cannot be efficiently stimulated by calcium
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immune system
N |
• homozygotes exhibit normal degranulation of mast cells
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