mortality/aging
• on a mixed genetic background, 52% of homozygotes die by 5 weeks of age
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• Background Sensitivity: on a mixed genetic background, 52% of homozygotes die by 5 weeks of age, with 15% dying within P1, 22% dying within P7, and an additional 15% dying at P14-P21; in contrast, homozygotes of a coisogenic background exhibit perinatal lethality
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skeleton
• Background Sensitivity: on a mixed genetic background, homozygotes display skeletal dysplasias with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity; however, these skeletal abnormalities are significantly different from those observed on an coisogenic background
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• 3 of 17 homozygotes display asymmetric fusion of the thoracic ribs to the sternum as well as incomplete ossification of the sternebrae
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rib fusion
(
J:56661
)
• 1 of 17 homozygotes shows fusion of the 10th and 11th rib
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• 1 of 17 homozygotes shows fusion of the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae
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growth/size/body
• homozygous mutant newborns are smaller than wild-type
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• size reduction persists through postnatal growth period
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• at 5 weeks, homozygotes show a ~25% reduction in total body weight relative to wild-type mice
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• at late fetal stages, homozygotes are smaller than wild-type or heterozygous mutant counterparts
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reproductive system
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• a number of fertile as well as infertile female homozygotes exhibit reduced oocyte numbers
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• homozygotes exhibit very low fecundity
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• intercrosses of homozygotes produce a reduced average litter size relative to intercrosses of heterozygotes (4.2 vs 7 in 15 litters)
• test matings of mutant males with wild-type females produce a normal litter size, whereas matings of mutant females with wild-type males generate a reduced average litter size (3.9 in 9 litters)
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cellular
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• a number of fertile as well as infertile female homozygotes exhibit reduced oocyte numbers
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